Subimal Sarkar Vs. Sachindra Nath Mandal & Ors.
EmailAppeal: Criminal Appeal No. 453 of 1996
(From the Judgment and Order dated 17.9.90 of the High Court of Calcutta in Death Ref. No. 4/90 and Crl. A. No. 327/90)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 17.9.90 of the High Court of Calcutta in Death Ref. No. 4/90 and Crl. A. No. 327/90)
Petitioner: Subimal Sarkar
Respondent: Sachindra Nath Mandal & Ors.
Apeal: Criminal Appeal No. 453 of 1996
(From the Judgment and Order dated 17.9.90 of the High Court of Calcutta in Death Ref. No. 4/90 and Crl. A. No. 327/90)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 17.9.90 of the High Court of Calcutta in Death Ref. No. 4/90 and Crl. A. No. 327/90)
Judges: N.Santosh Hegde & B.P.Singh, JJ.
Date of Judgment: Jan 08, 2003
Appearances:
Mr. Rakesh K. Khanna, Mr. Surya Kant, Mr. Reetesh Singh, Mr. Bijan Kumar Ghosh, Advocate (NP) Advocates with him for the Appellant.
Mr. D. Sinha, Mr. S. Mishra for M/s. Sinha & Das, Advocates Mr. T.C. Sharma Advocates with him for the Respondents.
Head Note:
CRIMINAL LAWS
Indian Penal Code, 1860
Section 302 read with section 34 – Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 – Section 313 – Murder – Circumstantial evidence – Admissibility – Whether establishment of motive alone sufficient to base a conviction – Unnatural death of married lady living in joint family – Body of deceased tied to a wooden plank being carried by brother-in-law of the deceased and others towards cremation ground – On seeing the mother of the deceased approaching them from opposite direction persons carrying the body leaving it there and going away – Mother of the deceased and others noticing blood from nose and mouth and taking the body to hospital – Hospital declaring her as brought dead – Mother and other relatives of the deceased alleging demand of dowry and torture by the in-laws of the deceased – Medical evidence attributing death to be homicidal due to throttling – Brother-in-law, father-in-law, sister-in-law charged for the offence of murder – Brother-in-law (A3) in his statement disclosing that the deceased swallowed poison and with a view to
prevent the poison from going down husband of the deceased pressed her throat and A3 put his fingers into the throat of the deceased so as to enable her to vomit the poison and that in that process he got his fingers injured – Trial court convicting A3 for murder and sentencing him with death penalty and others for the same offence with the aid of section 34 and sentencing them with life imprisonment – High Court however acquitting all the accused on the ground of failure of prosecution to link the circumstantial evidence – Whether such acquittal justified more so when the prosecution established the motive for the crime. Dismissing the appeal, held, establishment of motive alone is not sufficient to base a conviction. There being no eye witness and prosecution having failed to link the circumstances and no case made out against the husband and others who were living in the joint family and allegations of dowry demand and torture not having been established, the High Court was justified in acquitting the accused by reversing the findings of the trial court and therefore no interference called for.
Held:
We are in agreement with the finding of the High Court. It is true that the prosecution has been able to establish motive but then that by itself is not sufficient to base a conviction. The other circumstantial evidence that is established beyond reasonable doubt is the fact that the deceased died of strangulation. There is no material produced by the prosecution to show who actually committed this crime but there being no eye-witnesses to the incident the prosecution will have to establish all the links in the chain of circumstances which would have to show that in all probability it is only the accused persons who could have committed this crime. This the prosecution has failed to establish. It is an admitted fact that apart from the accused persons there were others also staying in the house of A-1 which included the husband of the deceased. No case is made out by the prosecution why others including the husband could not have been a party to this crime. In the absence of any such material, the trial court relied on a statement made in section 313 Cr.P.C. by A-3 which the trial court construed as a confession. We have carefully examined this statement of A-3 wherein he had stated that when he came to know that the deceased had swallowed poison he went to the room where the deceased was and found her husband Nakul pressing her neck. With a view to prevent the poison from going down the throat at this stage, A-3 put his fingers in the throat of the deceased to make her vomit the poison. In the said process, he injured his fingers. This statement, if it is to be accepted in its entirety, shows it was the husband of the deceased who pressed the throat which could have caused the suffocation. The role of A-3 as stated in the statement does not implicate A-3 of having been a party to any crime but the trial court thought otherwise. In this regard, we agree with the High Court that this statement cannot be made use of by the prosecution to prove the guilt of the accused. (Para 8)
There being no other material on record to establish that these accused persons are responsible for the murder of the deceased, we think the High Court was justified in reversing the finding of the trial court. (Para 9)
JUDGEMENT:
SANTOSH HEGDE, J.
1. Original complainant in sessions case no.127 of 1989 before the sessions judge, west Dinajpur, at Balurghat is in appeal before us in the above criminal appeal, against the judgment of acquittal made by the High Court Calcutta in criminal death reference no.4/1990 and criminal appeal no.327 of 1990. The state has not preferred any appeal against the judgment of the High Court, but is a party respondent before us.
2. Prosecution case briefly stated is that one Suchitra, the daughter of the appellant herein was married to Nakul Chandra son of Sarat Chandra Mandal, accused no.1 before the sessions court. At the time of the marriage, there was an agreement to pay dowry in cash of Rs. 5001/- out of which, Rs. 3001 was paid to the accused A-1 by the appellant but he could not pay the balance amount of dowry due to poverty. A-1 was living with his wife A-4 and five of his children of which A-3 Sachindra Nath Mandal is one of them who was living with his wife Gauri Mandal, who was A-4 before the sessions court. The husband of deceased Suchitra was Nakul Mandal, who was also staying with his father. It is the prosecution case that because of the non-payment of balance of dowry, there was constant torture and ill-treatment of the deceased by the accused persons. This was made known to the appellant (PW-11) as also his wife PW-1 Arati Sarkar.
On 16.8.1986, PW-1 had come to know that her daughter had consumed poison in the house of accused no.1 (father in-law) and in view of the fact PW-11, husband of PW-1 was along with PW-2 away in the field, had proceeded towards the village of her sambandhi and on the way they met one Nakul Bhunia, who took them on his cycle towards Durlavpur. Further on the way, they found the body of deceased Suchitra being carried on plank tied to the same by A-3 Sachindra Mandal with the help of some people and on seeing them A-3 and others left the body there and went to some distance. When PW-1 and PW-2 went near the body, they found bleeding from the mouth and nostril of the deceased, therefore they took the deceased across the river Pagliganj to Balurghat Hospital, where PW-15 Dr. Nath examined the deceased and declared her as brought dead. He also opined that, the death was caused by throttling. On the basis of the information, received from the Dr. PW-15, the police of the Balurghat Police Station registered a case under section 302 IPC and started the investigation. The body was sent for post-mortem examination, which was conducted by Dr. D. Shah PW-14 on 17.8.1986. He opined that cause of death of the deceased was due to manual strangulation and was homicidal in nature. During the post-mortem, he noticed the bruise mark on the neck and both on right and left side of the wind pipe. On dissection, he found the hyoid bone fractured. After completion of the investigation, the police filed charge-sheet against the above-mentioned four accused persons.
3. The prosecution has primarily relied upon the evidence of PW-1, the mother, PW-2 aunt, PW-4 brother, PW-11, the father and another relative PW-2, Govind Sarkar to establish the fact that there was a dowry demand, pursuant to which the deceased was being tortured and on the date of incident the body of the deceased was being carried on a plank tied to the same. The prosecution also relied upon the medical evidence to establish the fact that there was a homicidal death by throttling.
4. A very peculiar defence was taken by the accused persons who contended that on the fateful day, the deceased had consumed poison and when it was noticed by her husband, Nakul, he tried to prevent the deceased from swallowing the poison by pressing the neck at which time A-3, brother-in-law of the deceased allegedly came and put his finger into the throat of the deceased to make her vomit the poison. The further contention was that at that point of time, deceased was alive, therefore, they decided to take her to the hospital and it was during that time that the mother of the deceased met on the way when the body was being taken to the hospital. The trial court on consideration of the evidence on record came to the conclusion that the prosecution by circumstantial evidence has established the case against the accused, hence held the accused persons guilty and awarded capital punishment to A-3, the brother in law of the deceased, Sachindra Nath Mandal, while the other three accused persons were convicted under section 302 read with 34 and were awarded life imprisonment.
5. The High Court in appeal came to the conclusion that the prosecution has failed to establish the necessary link in the circumstantial evidence to prove that either the accused persons shared a common intention to commit the murder of the deceased or any particular accused had committed the murder of the deceased.
It held the circumstances, like carrying the body of the deceased or medical evidence, the opinion of the Dr. that the deceased died by throttling, by itself, would not establish a case against the accused persons of having committed the murder of the deceased. It also held that there was no material to come to the conclusion that there was any common intention on the part of the accused persons. It is on this basis, the High Court allowed the appeal setting aside the conviction of the accused persons.
6. In this appeal, Shri Rakesh Khanna, learned counsel appearing for the appellant contended that chain of circumstances relied upon by the prosecution clearly shows that there was a demand for dowry, consequent to which there was frequent attack on the deceased by her in laws which she had often brought to the notice of her parents. He pointed from the evidence that the prosecution has established on the date of incident, there was a fight in the house of A-1 involving the deceased. He also pointed the fact that A-3 was carrying the body of the deceased tied to a plank towards cremation ground which indicated the fact that the accused persons were aware that the deceased was dead. He further pointed out that the injury in the finger of the accused as well as the medical opinion clearly showed that the deceased had died due to strangulation. He further pointed out that A-3 had some injuries on his finger which further corroborated the prosecution case as to the murder of the deceased. The learned counsel for the appellant supported the judgment of the High Court.
7. We have heard the learned counsel for the parties and perused the records. From the evidence adduced by the prosecution, it is found that the deceased was living in a joint family along with father-in-law, mother-in-law, brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law. The prosecution has also been able to establish that there was some demand for dowry because of which there used to be quarrel between the deceased and other members of the family. The prosecution has also established that on the date of incident A-3 along with some other persons was carrying the body of the deceased which he claimed was being taken to the hospital for treatment. It is on this basis relying on the oral evidence led by the prosecution the trial court found the accused guilty while the High Court found it difficult to base a conviction on the material produced by the prosecution.
8. We are in agreement with the finding of the High Court. It is true that the prosecution has been able to establish motive but then that by itself is not sufficient to base a conviction. The other circumstantial evidence that is established beyond reasonable doubt is the fact that the deceased died of strangulation. There is no material produced by the prosecution to show who actually committed this crime but there being no eye-witnesses to the incident the prosecution will have to establish all the links in the chain of circumstances which would have to show that in all probability it is only the accused persons who could have committed this crime. This the prosecution has failed to establish. It is an admitted fact that apart from the accused persons there were others also staying in the house of A-1 which included the husband of the deceased. No case is made out by the prosecution why others including the husband could not have been a party to this crime. In the absence of any such material, the trial court relied on a statement made in section 313 Cr.P.C. by A-3 which the trial court construed as a confession. We have carefully examined this statement of A-3 wherein he had stated that when he came to know that the deceased had swallowed poison he went to the room where the deceased was and found her husband Nakul pressing her neck. With a view to prevent the poison from going down the throat at this stage, A-3 put his fingers in the throat of the deceased to make her vomit the poison. In the said process, he injured his fingers. This statement, if it is to be accepted in its entirety, shows it was the husband of the deceased who pressed the throat which could have caused the suffocation. The role of A-3 as stated in the statement does not implicate A-3 of having been a party to any crime but the trial court thought otherwise. In this regard, we agree with the High Court that this statement cannot be made use of by the prosecution to prove the guilt of the accused.
9. There being no other material on record to establish that these accused persons are responsible for the murder of the deceased, we think the High Court was justified in reversing the finding of the trial court.
10. For the reasons stated this appeal fails and the same is dismissed.
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1. Original complainant in sessions case no.127 of 1989 before the sessions judge, west Dinajpur, at Balurghat is in appeal before us in the above criminal appeal, against the judgment of acquittal made by the High Court Calcutta in criminal death reference no.4/1990 and criminal appeal no.327 of 1990. The state has not preferred any appeal against the judgment of the High Court, but is a party respondent before us.
2. Prosecution case briefly stated is that one Suchitra, the daughter of the appellant herein was married to Nakul Chandra son of Sarat Chandra Mandal, accused no.1 before the sessions court. At the time of the marriage, there was an agreement to pay dowry in cash of Rs. 5001/- out of which, Rs. 3001 was paid to the accused A-1 by the appellant but he could not pay the balance amount of dowry due to poverty. A-1 was living with his wife A-4 and five of his children of which A-3 Sachindra Nath Mandal is one of them who was living with his wife Gauri Mandal, who was A-4 before the sessions court. The husband of deceased Suchitra was Nakul Mandal, who was also staying with his father. It is the prosecution case that because of the non-payment of balance of dowry, there was constant torture and ill-treatment of the deceased by the accused persons. This was made known to the appellant (PW-11) as also his wife PW-1 Arati Sarkar.
On 16.8.1986, PW-1 had come to know that her daughter had consumed poison in the house of accused no.1 (father in-law) and in view of the fact PW-11, husband of PW-1 was along with PW-2 away in the field, had proceeded towards the village of her sambandhi and on the way they met one Nakul Bhunia, who took them on his cycle towards Durlavpur. Further on the way, they found the body of deceased Suchitra being carried on plank tied to the same by A-3 Sachindra Mandal with the help of some people and on seeing them A-3 and others left the body there and went to some distance. When PW-1 and PW-2 went near the body, they found bleeding from the mouth and nostril of the deceased, therefore they took the deceased across the river Pagliganj to Balurghat Hospital, where PW-15 Dr. Nath examined the deceased and declared her as brought dead. He also opined that, the death was caused by throttling. On the basis of the information, received from the Dr. PW-15, the police of the Balurghat Police Station registered a case under section 302 IPC and started the investigation. The body was sent for post-mortem examination, which was conducted by Dr. D. Shah PW-14 on 17.8.1986. He opined that cause of death of the deceased was due to manual strangulation and was homicidal in nature. During the post-mortem, he noticed the bruise mark on the neck and both on right and left side of the wind pipe. On dissection, he found the hyoid bone fractured. After completion of the investigation, the police filed charge-sheet against the above-mentioned four accused persons.
3. The prosecution has primarily relied upon the evidence of PW-1, the mother, PW-2 aunt, PW-4 brother, PW-11, the father and another relative PW-2, Govind Sarkar to establish the fact that there was a dowry demand, pursuant to which the deceased was being tortured and on the date of incident the body of the deceased was being carried on a plank tied to the same. The prosecution also relied upon the medical evidence to establish the fact that there was a homicidal death by throttling.
4. A very peculiar defence was taken by the accused persons who contended that on the fateful day, the deceased had consumed poison and when it was noticed by her husband, Nakul, he tried to prevent the deceased from swallowing the poison by pressing the neck at which time A-3, brother-in-law of the deceased allegedly came and put his finger into the throat of the deceased to make her vomit the poison. The further contention was that at that point of time, deceased was alive, therefore, they decided to take her to the hospital and it was during that time that the mother of the deceased met on the way when the body was being taken to the hospital. The trial court on consideration of the evidence on record came to the conclusion that the prosecution by circumstantial evidence has established the case against the accused, hence held the accused persons guilty and awarded capital punishment to A-3, the brother in law of the deceased, Sachindra Nath Mandal, while the other three accused persons were convicted under section 302 read with 34 and were awarded life imprisonment.
5. The High Court in appeal came to the conclusion that the prosecution has failed to establish the necessary link in the circumstantial evidence to prove that either the accused persons shared a common intention to commit the murder of the deceased or any particular accused had committed the murder of the deceased.
It held the circumstances, like carrying the body of the deceased or medical evidence, the opinion of the Dr. that the deceased died by throttling, by itself, would not establish a case against the accused persons of having committed the murder of the deceased. It also held that there was no material to come to the conclusion that there was any common intention on the part of the accused persons. It is on this basis, the High Court allowed the appeal setting aside the conviction of the accused persons.
6. In this appeal, Shri Rakesh Khanna, learned counsel appearing for the appellant contended that chain of circumstances relied upon by the prosecution clearly shows that there was a demand for dowry, consequent to which there was frequent attack on the deceased by her in laws which she had often brought to the notice of her parents. He pointed from the evidence that the prosecution has established on the date of incident, there was a fight in the house of A-1 involving the deceased. He also pointed the fact that A-3 was carrying the body of the deceased tied to a plank towards cremation ground which indicated the fact that the accused persons were aware that the deceased was dead. He further pointed out that the injury in the finger of the accused as well as the medical opinion clearly showed that the deceased had died due to strangulation. He further pointed out that A-3 had some injuries on his finger which further corroborated the prosecution case as to the murder of the deceased. The learned counsel for the appellant supported the judgment of the High Court.
7. We have heard the learned counsel for the parties and perused the records. From the evidence adduced by the prosecution, it is found that the deceased was living in a joint family along with father-in-law, mother-in-law, brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law. The prosecution has also been able to establish that there was some demand for dowry because of which there used to be quarrel between the deceased and other members of the family. The prosecution has also established that on the date of incident A-3 along with some other persons was carrying the body of the deceased which he claimed was being taken to the hospital for treatment. It is on this basis relying on the oral evidence led by the prosecution the trial court found the accused guilty while the High Court found it difficult to base a conviction on the material produced by the prosecution.
8. We are in agreement with the finding of the High Court. It is true that the prosecution has been able to establish motive but then that by itself is not sufficient to base a conviction. The other circumstantial evidence that is established beyond reasonable doubt is the fact that the deceased died of strangulation. There is no material produced by the prosecution to show who actually committed this crime but there being no eye-witnesses to the incident the prosecution will have to establish all the links in the chain of circumstances which would have to show that in all probability it is only the accused persons who could have committed this crime. This the prosecution has failed to establish. It is an admitted fact that apart from the accused persons there were others also staying in the house of A-1 which included the husband of the deceased. No case is made out by the prosecution why others including the husband could not have been a party to this crime. In the absence of any such material, the trial court relied on a statement made in section 313 Cr.P.C. by A-3 which the trial court construed as a confession. We have carefully examined this statement of A-3 wherein he had stated that when he came to know that the deceased had swallowed poison he went to the room where the deceased was and found her husband Nakul pressing her neck. With a view to prevent the poison from going down the throat at this stage, A-3 put his fingers in the throat of the deceased to make her vomit the poison. In the said process, he injured his fingers. This statement, if it is to be accepted in its entirety, shows it was the husband of the deceased who pressed the throat which could have caused the suffocation. The role of A-3 as stated in the statement does not implicate A-3 of having been a party to any crime but the trial court thought otherwise. In this regard, we agree with the High Court that this statement cannot be made use of by the prosecution to prove the guilt of the accused.
9. There being no other material on record to establish that these accused persons are responsible for the murder of the deceased, we think the High Court was justified in reversing the finding of the trial court.
10. For the reasons stated this appeal fails and the same is dismissed.
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