State of Punjab & Ors. Vs. Savinderjit Kaur
EmailAppeal: Civil Appeal No. 1382 of 1999
(With Civil Appeal No.3693 OF 2000)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 18.12.97 of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in C.W.P.No. 11309 of 1997)
(With Civil Appeal No.3693 OF 2000)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 18.12.97 of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in C.W.P.No. 11309 of 1997)
Petitioner: State of Punjab & Ors.
Respondent: Savinderjit Kaur
Apeal: Civil Appeal No. 1382 of 1999
(With Civil Appeal No.3693 OF 2000)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 18.12.97 of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in C.W.P.No. 11309 of 1997)
(With Civil Appeal No.3693 OF 2000)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 18.12.97 of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in C.W.P.No. 11309 of 1997)
Judges: V.N. KHARE, CJI, S.B. SINHA & S.H. KAPADIA, JJ.
Date of Judgment: Mar 18, 2004
Appearances:
Mr. Ranbir Yadav, Mr.R.S. Suri, Advocates for the Appellants.
Ms. Nanita Sharma, Advocate for the Respondent.
Ms.Jaspreet Gogia, Advocate (NP) for the Respondent in C.A.No.3693/2000
Head Note:
SERVICE LAWS
Constitution of India, 1950
Article 136 – Educational services – Vocational teacher – Entitlement to higher scale of pay – Respondent appointed as sewing teacher in 1981 by the State in the pay scale of Rs. 480-880 – Notification issued by the Government in 1989 providing higher pay scale for classical and Vernacular Teacher than the sewing teacher – Respondent making a representation claiming higher pay as applicable to Classical and Vernacular Teachers – Consequent to the rejection of the representation, respondent filing writ – High Court allowing the same relying on two earlier decisions – State appealing against the decision of the High Court. Held that the validity of the Notification of 1989 not having been questioned, the judgment of the High Court cannot be sustained. However the respondent being a handicapped person and having been granted the higher scale of pay, it was not appropriate for the Court to exercise its jurisdiction under Article 136 of the Constitution. Appeal therefore dismissed. (Paras 13-16)
Cases Reffered:
1. Government of West Bengal v. Tarun K. Roy and Ors. (JT 2003 (9) SC 130) (Para 10)
2. Chandra Singh and Others v. State of Rajasthan and Another (JT 2003 (6) SC 20) (Para 15)
3. Prabjot Kaur v. State of Punjab (1994 (3) SCT 262) (Para 2.2)
4. Amarjit Kaur v. State of Punjab (1988 (4) SLR 199) (Para 2.2)
2. Chandra Singh and Others v. State of Rajasthan and Another (JT 2003 (6) SC 20) (Para 15)
3. Prabjot Kaur v. State of Punjab (1994 (3) SCT 262) (Para 2.2)
4. Amarjit Kaur v. State of Punjab (1988 (4) SLR 199) (Para 2.2)
JUDGEMENT:
S.B. SINHA, J.
1. These two appeals involving identical question of law and fact were taken up for hearing together and are being disposed of by this common judgment.
2. The factual matrix is, however, being noticed from civil appeal no.1382 of 1999.
2.1. On or about 6.8.1981, the respondent was appointed as sewing teacher on regular basis in the pay scale of Rs.480-880/- by the District Education Officer, Ferozepur. She claimed same scale of pay payable to classical and vernacular teachers. The said representation of the respondent was, however, rejected.
2.2. Aggrieved by and dissatisfied with the said order, a writ petition was filed by her before the Punjab and Haryana High Court which by reason of the impugned judgment was allowed relying on or on the basis of the earlier decisions of the said court in Amarjit Kaur v. State of Punjab1 and Prabjot Kaur v. State of Punjab2.
3. The learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellants would submit that the High Court committed a manifest error in passing the impugned judgment insofar it failed to take into consideration that the Education Department of the government of Punjab had made rules in terms of the proviso appended to Article 309 of the Constitution of India known as ‘Punjab State Education Class-III (School Cadre) Service Rules, 1978, in terms whereof the sewing teachers and master(s) or mistress(es) were placed in different categories. In terms of the said rules, the learned counsel would urge, whereas a master or mistress must possess a degree of a recognised university with B.Ed.; the requisite educational qualification of a tailoring mistress is only matric or middle or equivalent with three years’ teachers’ training diploma from the Industries Department of State or Industrial Training.
4. It was urged that the method of recruitment in the category of master or mistress and tailoring mistress is also different. It was pointed out that on or about 17.2.1989 the scales of pay of the teaching staff of the Education Department had been revised; in terms whereof different scales of pay had been granted to different categories of teachers and in that view of the matter, the impugned judgment cannot be sustained.
5. The learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respondents, on the other hand, would contend that various other similarly situated teachers had been granted scales of pay applicable to classical and vernacular teachers. It was further pointed out that the respondent is a handicapped person.
6. Having considered the rival submissions, we are of the opinion that although the High Court proceeded on a wrong premise in passing the impugned judgment (?).
7. Amarjit Kaur (supra), the writ petitioner therein had been granted a revised scale of pay and the same was wrongly withdrawn on the ground that she was confirmed with effect from 22.5.1974 by mistake. The High Court rejected the said contention of the respondent but proceeded further to hold that the Education Department had classified and recognized the tailing mistress and classical and vernacular teachers in the same category and, thus, when the scale of pay of the classical and vernacular teachers had been revised, there was no reason as to why the pay scale of the tailoring mistress should not be accordingly revised.
8. In Prabjot Kaur (supra), the High Court followed Amarjit Kaur (supra) although the fact of the matter was quite different.
9. The High Court, in the above referred decisions, had no occasion to consider the effect of the statutory rules or the notification revising scales of pay of different categories of the teachers.
10. In a case of this nature, even the doctrine of equal pay for equal work would not apply when it has not been established that duties and functions of two categories of employees are at par. Furthermore, a classification based on different educational qualifications is permissible. Yet again it may not matter as to whether the judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in Amarjit Kaur (supra) and Prabjot Kaur (supra) had been appealed against or not. (See Government of West Bengal v. Tarun K. Roy and Ors.1 )
11. High Court while passing the impugned judgment did not address itself as regard applicability of the 1978 Rules as also the scales of pay granted to different categories of teachers by the government of Punjab in terms of its notification dated 17.2.1989. By reason of the said notification, the government of Punjab adopted the notification issued by the President of India in relation to the revised scales of pay to the teaching staff of the Education Department, the relevant portion whereof is to the following effect :
Sr. No. Category Present Scale Revised Scale Remarks
5. C & V Teacher i.e. 570-1080 1640-2925
Pbi/Hindi/Urdu/ (with 3Adv.) Sr. Scale
Sanskrit Teachers increments after 8 yrs.
Fi/Urdu service
Trs. & 5 1800-3200
increments SI Scale
to after 18
Sanskrit years
Teacher service 2000-3500
7. Domestic Sc. Trs. 480-800 1200-2100
Music Trs. Tabla Sr. Scale
Players, Tailoring Mist. after 8 yrs.
service
1410-2640,
SI Scale
after 18
yrs. service
1640-2925
14. Work Experience 480-880 1800-2100
Teacher, Vocation Sr. scale
Tr. Sewing Teacher after 8 yrs.
Service
1410-2460
Sr. scale after 18
years Service
1640-2925.
12. From a perusal of the said notification dated 17.2.1989, it is evident that the classical and vernacular teacher had been placed on a higher scale of pay, namely, Rs.570-1080/-; whereas the tailoring mistress had been placed in the scale of pay of Rs.480-800/-. Similar scale of pay had been granted to the trained sewing teachers. However, different scales of pay in the categories of tailoring mistress and sewing teacher had been made in senior scale after eight years and 18 years of service respectively.
13. The validity of Notification dated 17.2.1989 has not been questioned. In that view of the matter, the impugned judgment of the High Court cannot be sustained.
14. However, having regard to the fact that the respondent herein had been granted the same scale of pay and keeping in view of the fact that she is a handicapped teacher, we are of the opinion that it is not a fit case where this Court should exercise its jurisdiction under Article 136 of the Constitution of India.
15. In Chandra Singh and Others v. State of Rajasthan and Another1, this Court held:
“In any event, even assuming that there is some force in the contention of the appellants, this Court will be justified in following Taherakhatoon v. Salambin Mohammad JT 1999 (2) SC 45 ; (1999) 2 SCC 635 wherein this Court declared that even if the appellants’ contention is right in law having regard to the overall circumstances of the case, this Court would be justified in declining to grant relief under Article 136 while declaring the law in favour of the appellants.
Issuance of a writ of certiorari is a discretionary remedy. (See Champalal Binani v. CIT, AIR 1970 SC 645). The High Court and consequently this Court while exercising their extraordinary jurisdiction under Article 226 or 32 of the Constitution of India may not strike down an illegal order although it would be lawful to do so. In a given case, the High Court or this Court may refuse to extend the benefit of a discretionary relief to the applicant. Furthermore, this Court exercised its discretionary jurisdiction under Article 136 of the Constitution of India which need not be exercised in a case where the impugned judgment is found to be erroneous if by reason thereof substantial justice is being done. (See S.D.S. Shipping (P) Ltd. v. Jay Container Services Co. (P) Ltd. 2003 AIR SC 2186. Such a relief can be denied, inter alia, when it would be opposed to public policy or in a case where quashing of an illegal order would revive another illegal one. This Court also in exercise of its jurisdiction under Article 142 of the Constitution of India is entitled to pass such order which will do complete justice to the parties.”
16. These appeals are dismissed with the aforementioned observations; but in the facts and circumstances of the case, there shall be no order as to costs.
1. These two appeals involving identical question of law and fact were taken up for hearing together and are being disposed of by this common judgment.
2. The factual matrix is, however, being noticed from civil appeal no.1382 of 1999.
2.1. On or about 6.8.1981, the respondent was appointed as sewing teacher on regular basis in the pay scale of Rs.480-880/- by the District Education Officer, Ferozepur. She claimed same scale of pay payable to classical and vernacular teachers. The said representation of the respondent was, however, rejected.
2.2. Aggrieved by and dissatisfied with the said order, a writ petition was filed by her before the Punjab and Haryana High Court which by reason of the impugned judgment was allowed relying on or on the basis of the earlier decisions of the said court in Amarjit Kaur v. State of Punjab1 and Prabjot Kaur v. State of Punjab2.
3. The learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellants would submit that the High Court committed a manifest error in passing the impugned judgment insofar it failed to take into consideration that the Education Department of the government of Punjab had made rules in terms of the proviso appended to Article 309 of the Constitution of India known as ‘Punjab State Education Class-III (School Cadre) Service Rules, 1978, in terms whereof the sewing teachers and master(s) or mistress(es) were placed in different categories. In terms of the said rules, the learned counsel would urge, whereas a master or mistress must possess a degree of a recognised university with B.Ed.; the requisite educational qualification of a tailoring mistress is only matric or middle or equivalent with three years’ teachers’ training diploma from the Industries Department of State or Industrial Training.
4. It was urged that the method of recruitment in the category of master or mistress and tailoring mistress is also different. It was pointed out that on or about 17.2.1989 the scales of pay of the teaching staff of the Education Department had been revised; in terms whereof different scales of pay had been granted to different categories of teachers and in that view of the matter, the impugned judgment cannot be sustained.
5. The learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respondents, on the other hand, would contend that various other similarly situated teachers had been granted scales of pay applicable to classical and vernacular teachers. It was further pointed out that the respondent is a handicapped person.
6. Having considered the rival submissions, we are of the opinion that although the High Court proceeded on a wrong premise in passing the impugned judgment (?).
7. Amarjit Kaur (supra), the writ petitioner therein had been granted a revised scale of pay and the same was wrongly withdrawn on the ground that she was confirmed with effect from 22.5.1974 by mistake. The High Court rejected the said contention of the respondent but proceeded further to hold that the Education Department had classified and recognized the tailing mistress and classical and vernacular teachers in the same category and, thus, when the scale of pay of the classical and vernacular teachers had been revised, there was no reason as to why the pay scale of the tailoring mistress should not be accordingly revised.
8. In Prabjot Kaur (supra), the High Court followed Amarjit Kaur (supra) although the fact of the matter was quite different.
9. The High Court, in the above referred decisions, had no occasion to consider the effect of the statutory rules or the notification revising scales of pay of different categories of the teachers.
10. In a case of this nature, even the doctrine of equal pay for equal work would not apply when it has not been established that duties and functions of two categories of employees are at par. Furthermore, a classification based on different educational qualifications is permissible. Yet again it may not matter as to whether the judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in Amarjit Kaur (supra) and Prabjot Kaur (supra) had been appealed against or not. (See Government of West Bengal v. Tarun K. Roy and Ors.1 )
11. High Court while passing the impugned judgment did not address itself as regard applicability of the 1978 Rules as also the scales of pay granted to different categories of teachers by the government of Punjab in terms of its notification dated 17.2.1989. By reason of the said notification, the government of Punjab adopted the notification issued by the President of India in relation to the revised scales of pay to the teaching staff of the Education Department, the relevant portion whereof is to the following effect :
Sr. No. Category Present Scale Revised Scale Remarks
5. C & V Teacher i.e. 570-1080 1640-2925
Pbi/Hindi/Urdu/ (with 3Adv.) Sr. Scale
Sanskrit Teachers increments after 8 yrs.
Fi/Urdu service
Trs. & 5 1800-3200
increments SI Scale
to after 18
Sanskrit years
Teacher service 2000-3500
7. Domestic Sc. Trs. 480-800 1200-2100
Music Trs. Tabla Sr. Scale
Players, Tailoring Mist. after 8 yrs.
service
1410-2640,
SI Scale
after 18
yrs. service
1640-2925
14. Work Experience 480-880 1800-2100
Teacher, Vocation Sr. scale
Tr. Sewing Teacher after 8 yrs.
Service
1410-2460
Sr. scale after 18
years Service
1640-2925.
12. From a perusal of the said notification dated 17.2.1989, it is evident that the classical and vernacular teacher had been placed on a higher scale of pay, namely, Rs.570-1080/-; whereas the tailoring mistress had been placed in the scale of pay of Rs.480-800/-. Similar scale of pay had been granted to the trained sewing teachers. However, different scales of pay in the categories of tailoring mistress and sewing teacher had been made in senior scale after eight years and 18 years of service respectively.
13. The validity of Notification dated 17.2.1989 has not been questioned. In that view of the matter, the impugned judgment of the High Court cannot be sustained.
14. However, having regard to the fact that the respondent herein had been granted the same scale of pay and keeping in view of the fact that she is a handicapped teacher, we are of the opinion that it is not a fit case where this Court should exercise its jurisdiction under Article 136 of the Constitution of India.
15. In Chandra Singh and Others v. State of Rajasthan and Another1, this Court held:
“In any event, even assuming that there is some force in the contention of the appellants, this Court will be justified in following Taherakhatoon v. Salambin Mohammad JT 1999 (2) SC 45 ; (1999) 2 SCC 635 wherein this Court declared that even if the appellants’ contention is right in law having regard to the overall circumstances of the case, this Court would be justified in declining to grant relief under Article 136 while declaring the law in favour of the appellants.
Issuance of a writ of certiorari is a discretionary remedy. (See Champalal Binani v. CIT, AIR 1970 SC 645). The High Court and consequently this Court while exercising their extraordinary jurisdiction under Article 226 or 32 of the Constitution of India may not strike down an illegal order although it would be lawful to do so. In a given case, the High Court or this Court may refuse to extend the benefit of a discretionary relief to the applicant. Furthermore, this Court exercised its discretionary jurisdiction under Article 136 of the Constitution of India which need not be exercised in a case where the impugned judgment is found to be erroneous if by reason thereof substantial justice is being done. (See S.D.S. Shipping (P) Ltd. v. Jay Container Services Co. (P) Ltd. 2003 AIR SC 2186. Such a relief can be denied, inter alia, when it would be opposed to public policy or in a case where quashing of an illegal order would revive another illegal one. This Court also in exercise of its jurisdiction under Article 142 of the Constitution of India is entitled to pass such order which will do complete justice to the parties.”
16. These appeals are dismissed with the aforementioned observations; but in the facts and circumstances of the case, there shall be no order as to costs.
