Shankarlal Vs. State of Rajasthan
Email(From the Judgment and Order dated 15.05.98 of the Rajasthan High Court in D. B. Crl. A. No. 634 of 1981)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 15.05.98 of the Rajasthan High Court in D. B. Crl. A. No. 634 of 1981)
Ms. Madhurima Tatia, Mr. Aruneshwar Gupta and Ms. Sandhya Goswami, Advocates for the Respondent.
Evidence Act, 1872
Section 3 – Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Section 302 – Sole eye-witness – Chance witness – Reliability – Murder case – Eye witness reaching village of incident at 11 a.m.- Had to take Gowar crop for further supply from one ‘R’ – Said ‘R’ told to be in field – PW covering distance of 4-5 miles on foot – While reaching near the field of ‘R’ heard some quarrel and went there – Saw the accused attacking deceased with axe – On seeing him, accused fleeing – PW himself scared and retreated to village, but by a different route – Went to house of ‘R’ – Not meeting – Returning to village square and meeting PW ‘K’ at about 4 – 4.15 p.m. – Not disclosing any thing to any body before meeting ‘K’ though met others – In chief examination, claims to have seen one assault – In cross-examination claimed to have seen two assaults – Further, when told PW ‘K’, latter disclosed to have known it from another PW -Nothing to show how said PW came to know about incident – Complaint lodged at 3.15 a.m. on following day – Incident of 1.30 p.m. on previous day – Complainant had tractor. Held that statement of sole eye-witness was not convincing. Accused entitled to benefit of doubt. (Para 5)
1. Appellant has been convicted by the additional sessions judge, Ramsinghnagar for an offence punishable under section 302 IPC and was sentenced to undergo imprisonment for life and a fine of Rs.100. Said conviction and sentence came to be confirmed by the High Court of judicature for Rajasthan at Jodhpur. It is against the said conviction and sentence imposed by the two courts below that the appellant is before us in this appeal.
2. Briefly stated the prosecution case is that appellant and one Om Prakash deceased in this case were working as labourers with one Pokar Ram in the year 1980. They were employed to water fields wherein some wheat and gram were sown. On 4.4.1980 one Ram Rakh son of said Pokar Ram wanted the field to be watered therefore in the early morning at about 4 a.m. he sent the appellant and the deceased to irrigate the land. At about 9 a.m. that morning said Ram Rakh took food for the said two persons who were working in the field. At that time it is stated the appellant complained to said Ram Rakh that deceased Om Prakash is not doing his work properly and to advise him properly. It is stated said Ram Rakh settled the misunderstanding between the appellant and the deceased and went to his other fields. It is the prosecution case that one Sohan Singh PW-6 who is also a resident of the same village as Ram Rakh had entered into an agreement with the latter for the sale of Gowar about 10 days before the date of incident. Since PW-6 had a buyer for the said Gowar and the same had to be weighed on the date of incident he wanted to meet PW-2 and went to his house but he was told that Ram Rakh was in his field therefore PW-6 started going towards the field of Ram Rakh which was about 4-5 miles away from the village by foot. It is during this journey of PW-6, it is alleged at about 1.30 p.m. he heard a noise of quarrel from the corner of a field and when he moved towards the said place he saw one person hitting another with an axe. It is the prosecution case that this witness later identified appellant as the person who was assaulting the other person. PW-6 further states that when he reached near the place of attack he saw 2 axe injuries on the victim and he also saw the appellant fleeing from the place of incident. Having gone near the place of attack and witnessed the attack this witness stated that he got frightened and thinking that he may also be attacked he returned to the village by taking another route. By the time he returned to the village it was about 4 or 4.15 p.m. He then went to the house of Ram Rakh and his brother Khyali Ram but he could not meet them therefore he came to the square of the village near the Hanuman Mandir and he saw PW-2 Khyali Ram coming. That is when he mentioned to Khyali Ram about the incident in question. It is the case of the prosecution that thereafter PW-2 and 5 to 7 people went to the place of incident and saw the deceased lying dead thereafter PW-2 went to the village sarpanch and accompanied by him went to the police station at Suratgarh and lodged a complaint at about 3.15 a.m. on 5.4.1980, police station being about 30 miles away from the place of incident. On a statement recorded therein the I.O. registered a case and came to the place of incident and having completed the investigation thereafter filed a chargesheet and based on the evidence produced by the prosecution in the trial the appellant was convicted as stated above which conviction came to be confirmed by the High Court.
3. In this appeal Mr. V S Chauhan, learned advocate appearing for the appellant contended that the only eye witness to the incident in question being PW-6 who is a chance witness his evidence ought to have been considered more carefully than has been done by the two courts below. He contended that the possibility of this witness being present at that time of the day at that place is next to impossible and from the contradictions in his evidence it is clear that he is really not an eye witness but a set up witness. He also pointed out though the incident in question according to the prosecution had occurred at about 1.30 p.m. a complaint in this regard was lodged only at 3.15 a.m. on the next day. The police station even though about 30 miles away in the normal course it would not have taken so much time for anybody to commute and reach the police station because of the availability of the tractor in the village. Learned counsel also pointed out that a perusal of the complaint gives an impression that it is a document prepared after considerable deliberation and most likely having noticed a blind murder, by suspicion appellant was blamed as an accused. He also pointed out that the alleged motive is too trivial and on the facts of this case hardly any ground for committing the murder.
4. Ms. Madhurima Tatia, learned counsel appearing for the respondent State however rebutted the argument of learned counsel for the appellant and contended that it is but natural for a witness like PW-6 to have made an effort to contact Ram Rakh because he was committed to get the Gowar weighed so that the purchasers could collect the same therefore in this process he had gone in search of Ram Rakh and it is in the field of said Ram Rakh he found the appellant attacking the deceased. She also contended as soon as he returned back to the village he intimated this incident to PW-2 and thereafter by the time they could go to the place of incident and return to village and contact the village sarpanch it had become almost dark hence delay if any, occasioned in lodging the complaint has been explained by the prosecution therefore she supported the judgments of the two courts below.
5. Even according to the prosecution the only witness to the incident in question is PW-6 therefore as contended by learned counsel for the appellant we will have to examine his evidence carefully. If we do so then we notice that on the date of incident he had gone to a village Upli for some work. From there he came back by bus at about 11’O clock. He then allegedly went to the village to meet Ram Rakh where he was told by his wife that the latter had gone to the field. It is the prosecution case itself that the distance between the field of Ram Rakh and the village is about 4-5 miles and PW-6 covered that distance on foot and when he reached near the field of Ram Rakh he heard a quarrel and when he went towards the place of quarrel he saw the appellant attack the deceased with an axe. It is his further case that when he reached near the deceased the appellant ran away. It is at this point of time he states that he got scared and he took a different route than the one he took on the way and reached the village at about 4 or 4.15 p.m. It is his case that when he went to the house of Ram Rakh he could not find him therefore he came near the village square where he met PW-2 Khyali Ram. From the above evidence of PW-6 it is apparent that though there were persons available on his way back, he did not inform anybody about the incident. Even when he reached the village and met Ram Rakh’s wife he did not inform her about the incident and it is for the first time he informs about this incident to PW-2 at the village square at about 4.15 p.m. Contrary to what he stated in the examination in chief that he saw only one assault on the deceased, in the cross examination he stated that he saw the appellant attack the deceased twice and both the injuries were caused in his presence. It is also to be noticed from his cross examination that when he met PW-2 Khyali Ram and told him about the incident in question PW-2 supposedly told him that he had already come to know of the incident from PW-14. The prosecution has not found how PW-14 came to know of the incident. In this background if we appreciate the evidence of PW-6 we notice the fact that he is purely a chance witness whose presence at the place of the incident is highly doubtful. His conduct too seems to be unnatural in not informing anyone else in the village until he met Khyali Ram at the village square. We also notice that there is unexplained delay in filing the complaint inasmuch as according to the prosecution the incident in question took place at about 1.30 p.m. and a complaint was lodged only at 3.15 a.m. on 5.4.1980. Though the distance is about 30 miles from the place of incident, the complainant had the facility of using the tractors available in the village and they did use the same for travelling to the police station. In such circumstances this unexplained long delay also creates a doubt in our mind as to the genuineness of the prosecution case. Once we are not convinced with the evidence of PW-6 then there is no other material to base a conviction on the appellant hence we are of the opinion that the appellant is entitled to the benefit of doubt therefore this appeal succeeds and is allowed. The judgment and order of conviction of the two courts below are set aside. The appellant is acquitted of the charge framed against him. From the records we notice that the appellant is on bail. If so his bailbonds shall stand discharged.
