Shailendra Kumar Vs. State of Bihar and Others
Email(Arising out of SLP (Crl.) No.3184 of 2000)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 3.7.2000 of the Patna High Court in Crl.M. No. 16453 of 2000)
(Arising out of SLP (Crl.) No.3184 of 2000)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 3.7.2000 of the Patna High Court in Crl.M. No. 16453 of 2000)
Mr. B.B. Singh and Mr. Shiva Pujan Singh, Advocates for the Respondents.
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973
Sections 309 and 311 – Criminal trial – Functions of criminal court – Power to summons material witness or examine the person present – Sessions judge closing evidence of prosecution after examining two or three formal witnesses in a case involving offences under sections 148, 149, 323, 449 and 302 of IPC – Prosecution seeking transfer of case – On transfer, addl. sessions judge recalling the earlier order directing closure of prosecu-tion witness – On criminal revision, High Court holding that criminal court cannot recall its earlier order – State’s applica-tion under section 311 also rejected by addl. sessions judge for examining witnesses – Prosecutor remaining absent at the hearing of the application – Criminal miscellaneous application filed by appellant also dismissed by High Court on the ground that it was not proper for the court to interfere with the order passed by sessions judge. On appeal, held, presence of investigating officer at the time of trial is a must. It was the duty of sessions judge to issue summons to the investigating officer, if he failed to remain present at the time of trial. Allowing the application filed by state under section 311, sessions judge directed to proceed with the matter on day to day basis by strictly adhering to section 309. Practice of criminal courts to proceed with trial without informing the police station officer-in-charge, deprecat-ed.
Bare reading of the aforesaid section reveals that it is of very wide amplitude and if there is any negligence, laches or mis-takes by not examining material witnesses, the courts function to render just decision by examining such witnesses at any stage is not, in any way, impaired. This Court in Rajendra Prasad v. Narcotic Cell (JT 1999 (40 SC 496) observed, “After all, function of the criminal court is administration of criminal justice and not to count errors committed by the parties or to find out and declare who among the parties performed bet-ter”. (Para 11)
Application filed by the state under section 311 Cr.P.C. is allowed. The sessions judge is directed to proceed with the matter on day to day basis by strictly adhering to section 309 Cr.P.C. and directing the officer-in-charge of police station, Bodh Gaya to keep witnesses present in the court for their exami-nation. (Para 12)
1. Leave granted.
2. This appeal has been filed against the judgment and order dated 03.7.2000 passed by the High Court of Patna in crl. misc. no.16453 of 2000 confirming the order dated 2.6.2000 passed by the additional sessions judge, Gaya.
3. It is the contention of the appellant that his mother was done to death by the accused by forming unlawful assembly who were armed with lethal weapons. FIR was lodged with Bodh Gaya police station on 9.10.1991 against 15 named accused and 25 to 30 un-known persons. On 27.8.1993, the case was taken up for trial by the 5th additional sessions judge, Gaya in sessions trial No.24 of 1993. Charges were framed against the accused persons on 27.8.1993 for the offence punishable under sections 148, 149, 323, 449 and 302 IPC.
4. After examining two or three formal witnesses, the learned sessions judge closed the evidence of prosecution on the ground that APP has not made any prayer either oral or written for adjournment or for examining other witnesses. The prosecution evidence was declared to have been closed and the matter was fixed for recording the statement of accused.
5. Thereafter, the prosecution filed an application for transfer-ring the case from the court of 5th addl. sessions judge. Howev-er, the 5th addl. sessions judge was superannuated and the case was transferred to 2nd addl. sessions judge, Gaya, who by his order dated 20.9.1995 was pleased to recall order dated 3.9.1994 passed by the 5th addl. sessions judge, Gaya by which the prose-cution evidence was directed to be closed. He also directed the APP to produce the witnesses on the next date of hearing.
6. That order was challenged by the accused by filing criminal revision no.530 of 1995 before the High Court of Patna. The High Court vide its order dated 1.2.2000 allowed the revision applica-tion on the ground that “it is well settled that criminal court can not recall his earlier order”.
7. Again on 12.5.2000, the state filed an application under sec-tion 311 of Code of Criminal Procedure before the addl. sessions judge, Gaya for examining the witnesses. That application was rejected by order 2.6.2000 on the ground that application by the state has no meaning in view of the order passed by the High Court in revision application. At the time of hearing of that application, APP remained absent. Thereafter, the appellant-informant preferred criminal misc. no.16453 of 2000 before the High Court. That application was also dismissed by impugned judgment on the ground that it was not proper for the High Court to interfere with the order passed by the sessions judge. That order is challenged by filing this appeal, wherein it has been contended that the previous order passed by the High Court dated 1.2.2000 is on the face of it illegal, erroneous and against the provisions of Cr.P.C.
8. In counter filed by officer-in-charge of Bodh Gaya police sta-tion, district Gaya, it has been pointed out that the concerned investigating officers, at present, are not posted at Bodh Gaya police station and even in other police stations within the dis-trict of Gaya. He specifically states, “it is submitted that he was never served with notice or summon or in no way communicated by the court of law or any other agency including A.P.P. to bring the witness upto the trial court.” He also stated that after perusing the entire relevant record and registers at the office of Bodh Gaya police station, Gaya he has not found any summon or any sort of notice concerning the case under reference received by his office. In paragraph no.9, he has clarified that after investigation, it was found that summons were issued against witnesses no.1 to 3 through nazir of civil court, Gaya but sur-prisingly enough the said summons were never moved to the police station, Bodh Gaya. It is his further say that if opportunity is given, the witnesses named in the charge-sheet could be brought before the court either by issue of notices or summons and he will make his best efforts to produce the witnesses before the concerned court within reasonable time.
9. In our view, in a murder trial it is sordid and repulsive matter that without informing the police station officer-in-charge, the matters are proceeded by the court and by the APP and tried to be disposed of as if the prosecution has not led any evidence. From the facts stated above, it appears that accused wants to frustrate the prosecution by unjustified means and it appears that by one way or the other the addl. sessions judge as well as the APP have not taken any interest in discharge of their duties. It was the duty of the sessions judge to issue summons to the investigating officer if he failed to remain present at the time of trial of the case. The presence of investigating officer at the time of trial is must. It is his duty to keep the witnesses present. If there is failure on part of any witness to remain present, it is the duty of the court to take appropriate action including issuance of bailable/non-bailable warrants as the case may be. It should be well understood that prosecution cannot be frustrated by such methods and victims of the crime cannot be left in lurch.
10. Learned counsel for the respondent-accused however submitted that in this case there is no question of referring to section 311 Cr.P.C., in view of earlier order dated 1.2.2000 passed by the High Court setting aside the order dated 20.9.1995 passed by the additional sessions judge recalling the order dated 3.9.1994 by which the prosecution evidence was declared to have been closed. This submission is without any substance. Section 311 empowers the court to summon material witnesses though not sum-moned as witness and to examine or recall and re-examine if their evidence appears to it to be essential to the just decision of the case. It reads thus:-
“311. Power to summon material witness, or examine person present-Any court may, at any stage of any inquiry, trial or other pro-ceeding under this Code, summon any person as a witness, or examine any person in attendance, though not summoned as a wit-ness, or recall and re-examine any person already examined; and the court shall summon and examine or recall and re-examine any such person if his evidence appears to it to be essential to the just decision of the case.”
11. Bare reading of the aforesaid section reveals that it is of very wide amplitude and if there is any negligence, laches or mistakes by not examining material witnesses, the courts function to render just decision by examining such witnesses at any stage is not, in any way, impaired. This Court in Rajendra Prasad v. Narcotic Cell1 ((1999) 6 SCC 110) observed, “After all, function of the criminal court is administration of criminal justice and not to count errors committed by the parties or to find out and declare who among the parties performed bet-ter”.
12. In this view of the matter, appeal is allowed. Impugned order passed by the High Court confirming the order dated 2.6.2000 of additional sessions judge, Gaya is set aside. Appli-cation filed by the state under section 311 Cr.P.C. is allowed. The sessions judge is directed to proceed with the matter on day to day basis by strictly adhering to section 309 Cr.P.C. and directing the officer-in-charge of police station, Bodh Gaya to keep witnesses present in the court for their examination.
