Shaikh Umar Ahmed Shaikh & Anr. Vs. State of Maharashtra
EmailAppeal: Criminal Appeal No. 1185 of 1997
(From the Judgement and Order dated 14.10.97 of the Designated Court in Bombnay in T.S.C. No. 21 of 1994 )
(From the Judgement and Order dated 14.10.97 of the Designated Court in Bombnay in T.S.C. No. 21 of 1994 )
Petitioner: Shaikh Umar Ahmed Shaikh & Anr.
Respondent: State of Maharashtra
Apeal: Criminal Appeal No. 1185 of 1997
(From the Judgement and Order dated 14.10.97 of the Designated Court in Bombnay in T.S.C. No. 21 of 1994 )
(From the Judgement and Order dated 14.10.97 of the Designated Court in Bombnay in T.S.C. No. 21 of 1994 )
Judges: G.T. NANAVATI & V.N. KHARE , JJ.
Date of Judgment: Apr 28, 1998
Appearances:
U.R. Lalit , Senior Advocates , W.A. Nomani , A.A. Khan , Advocates with him for the Appellants
M.S. Nargolkar , Senior Advocates , S.S. Shinde , D.M. Nargolkar , Advocates with him for the Respondents
Head Note:
CRIMINAL LAW
Evidence Act, 1872 Section 9- Identification- Offences under Section 302/149 IPC and Section 3 (2)(i) TADA Act , read with Section 149 IPC- Designated Court doubting the identification of accused before Special Executive Magistrate , who arranged Test Identification at police station on grounds of strong possibility of accused having been shown to witness , who were police personnels- Said identification rejected- However , conviction recorded on basis of identification of accused in court- Admissibility and value of such identifica-tion- Held that under circumstances , identification in court has become meaningless. Conviction set-aside.
Evidence Act, 1872 Section 9- Identification- Offences under Section 302/149 IPC and Section 3 (2)(i) TADA Act , read with Section 149 IPC- Designated Court doubting the identification of accused before Special Executive Magistrate , who arranged Test Identification at police station on grounds of strong possibility of accused having been shown to witness , who were police personnels- Said identification rejected- However , conviction recorded on basis of identification of accused in court- Admissibility and value of such identifica-tion- Held that under circumstances , identification in court has become meaningless. Conviction set-aside.
Held:
No doubt , the evidence of identification parade is not a substantive evidence , but its utility is for purposes of corrobo-ration . In other words , it is utilised for corroboration of the sworn testimony of witnesses in Court as to the identity of the accused who are strangers to them . The real and substantive evidence of the identity of the accused comes when witnesses give statement in the Court , identifying the accused . When the ac-cused were already shown to the witnesses , their identification in the Court by the witnesses was meaningless . The statement of witnesses in the Court identifying the accused in the Court lost all its value and could not be made basis for recording convic-tion against the accused . The reliance of evidence of identifi-cation of the accused in the Court by the Designated Court , was an erroneous way of dealing with the evidence of identification of the accused in the Court by the two eye-witnesses and had caused failure of justice .
(Para 8)
(Para 8)
JUDGEMENT:
V.N.KHARE , J.
1 . This criminal appeal under section 19 of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities ( Prevention ) Act , 1987 ( hereinafter re-ferred to as TADA ) , at the instance of two appellants here-in , viz. , Shaikh Umar Ahmed Shaikh and Mohd. Naim Mohd. Yasin Qureshi , is directed against the judgment and order dated 14.10.97 passed by the Designated Court , Greater Bombay , Mahar-ashtra in TADA Special Case No. 21 of 1994 , whereby the Designat-ed Court has convicted the two appellants under section 3(2)(i) of TADA read with section 149 IPC and sentenced them to undergo life imprisonment . The appellants have also been convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for the offence punishable under sections 302/149 IPC and sentenced to pay a fine of Rs . 500/- each , in default to suffer R.I. for six months . Both the substantive sentences were directed to run concurrently .
2 . Prosecution story in brief is , that on 7.12.92 , the area where J.J.Hospital is situated was in the grip of communal riots as a result of which prohibitory orders were promulgated . In Ward No. 46 of the said hospital where under trial of various criminal cases were usually kept for medical treatment , a police escort consisting of one Head Constable and three constables was being provided there from the police headquarters . Head Con-stable Chandrakant Pamji Khopkar ( Buckle No. 17581 ) was in charge of the police escort of Ward No. 46 of the said hospital . Police constable S.P.Shinde ( Buckle No. 27252 ) , Police constable Rahul Hanumant Gaikwad ( Buckle No. 414 ) and the third Police constable ( Buckle No. 27231 ) were on duty at Ward No. 46 along with Head Constable Khopkar . At around 7.30 P.M. , on the said day , when the next batch of police escort party arrived at the ward , Head Constable Khopkar handed over the charge to the next batch , and took out the uniform shirt and wore a red coloured shirt . So also Police constables Shinde and Gaikwad changed their uni-forms . Thereafter Head Constable Khopkar and the other three constables left Ward No. 46 and climbed down the building of the J.J. Hospital . They came out from the premises of the hospital through gate No. 9 and reached at JJ Corner where they took turn and proceeded towards Byculla Railway Station . The third con-stable ( Buckle No. 27231 ) went away from the JJ Hospital premis-es . Head Constable Khopkar was walking ahead and from the dis-tance of about 25 feet , constable Gaikward and constable Shinde were following him on their way to Byculla Railway Station in order to go to their respective houses . When Head Constable Khopkar came near the bus stop en route bus Nos. 6 and 7 in front of gate No. 12 of JJ Hospital , constable Shinde and constable Gaikwad saw the mob of about 100 persons standing on the other side of the footpath of Sir JJ Road . They further saw that 5 to 6 persons armed with choppers and knives suddenly crossed the road and came towards Head Constable , Khopkar . Thereafter all those persons started stabbing Khopkar by means of choppers and knives , thereby Khopkar sustained severe wounds and bleeding and thereafter he collapsed on the ground . At that stage , constables Gaikwad and Shinde got frightened and therefrom they immediately took turn and went to JJ corner and gave information to the police about the said incident . On receiving the information the police party went to the place of occurrence and took injured Khopkar to J.J. Hospital where Head Constable Khopkar after examination was declared dead . Police constable Gaikwad reported the incident to the police constable on duty in the hospital who immediately reported the incident to Byculla Police Station . On 4.11.93 , the police arrested the two appellants herein and accused Mohd. Bilal and Liyakat Rasool . On 7.11.93 , the police requested Special Executive Magistrate for holding identification parade . The eye-witnesses – constables Gaikwad and Shinde al-leged to have identified the accused persons . Thereafter , on 25.11.93 again , the police requested Special Executive Magistrate to arrange identification parade and inducted appellants in the parade . On 15.1.94 , accused Jafar Mohd. Ismail Sayyad was arrest-ed and on 24.1.94 , at the instance of police , the Special Execu-tive Magistrate held another identification parade . The police subsequently obtained permission to apply the provisions of TADA and after completing the investigation the police prosecuted the accused persons under TADA . Thus , the two appellants , including the three other accused , came to be prose-cuted . All the five accused were charged for the offence punishable under Section 140 IPC read with section 3(2)(i)(ii) of TADA and also under sections 149/302 IPC . All the accused pleaded not guilty to the charge .
3 . The prosecution examined two eye-witnesses viz. , constables Gaikwad ( PW-2 ) and Shinde ( PW-11 ) , who are alleged to be the witnesses of scene of occurrence and identified the two appell-ants in the Court . By the impugned judgment the appellants were convicted for offence punishable under sections 302/149 IPC and under Section 3(2)(1) of TADA read with Section 149 I.P.C. and were sentenced to suffer life imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs. 500/- each , and in default to further suffer R.I. for six months . Accused Jafar Mohd. Ismail Sayyed , Mohd. Bilal and Liyakat Rasool Himayat Rasool Shaikh were acquitted for the offence punishable under sections 144 , 149 and 302 IPC and under section 3 (2)(i)(ii) of TADA . It is , in this way , this appeal has come before us .
4 . The foremost question that arises for consideration in this appeal is that , ” once the Designated Court rejected the evidence of identification parade , so far as they relate to the appell-ants , on the ground that there was strong possibility of the suspects being shown to the eye-witnesses at the police station , could the appellants be convicted on the evidence of identifica-tion of these accused in the Court by the witnesses ? In the present case , the prosecution examined two eye-witnesses , viz. , constables Gaikwad and Shinde ( PWs 2 and 11 respectively ) , who alleged to have witnessed the scene of occurrence . For the purpose of corroboration of the evidence of the two eye-witness-es , the prosecution relied upon the evidence of identification parades . It was brought on record that , on 7.11.93 , PW-5 Spe-cial Executive Magistrate had arranged identification parade wherein he held two separate parades . In both the parades Spe-cial Executive Magistrate introduced 22 dummies and 3 suspects at a time . In the said identification parade , Police constable Shinde ( PW-11 ) is said to have identified appellant nos. 1 and 2 viz. , Shaikh Umar Ahmed Shaikh and Mohd. Naim Mohd. Yasin Qur-eshi . The memorandum of identification parade prepared by the Special Executive Magistrate is Ex. 27 . Thereafter on 25.11.93 , PW-6 Special Executive Magistrate R.D.Singh held another identi-fication parade . In that parade 18 dummies and 6 suspects were introduced . Police constable Shinde ( PW-2 ) identified appellants Shaikh Umar Ahmed Shaikh and Mohd. Naim Mohd. Yasin Qureshi . Memorandum of identification parade prepared by R.D.Singh is Ext. 29 . Again on 24.1.94 , Special Executive Magistrate R.D. Singh arranged an identification parade and in that parade six dummies and one suspect were introduced . Constable Shinde ( PW-2 ) and constable Gaikwad ( PW-11 ) identified accused Jafar Mohd Ismail Sayyad . The purpose of filing of evidence of identification parade by the prosecution was to connect the appellants and accused No. 3 , i.e. Jafar Mohd Ismail Sayyed to the incident alleged to have taken place on 7.12.92 .
5 . Although identification parades in Byculla Police Station were arranged by S.E.M. Shri Y.N. Orhal and S.E.M Shri Singh , they took help of Police Inspector Wahule who was the Investigat-ing Officer for collecting the panchas and the documents . It was on asking of Police Inspector Wahule , police went to collect the persons . When the police brought these persons to the police station , the Special Executive Magistrate did not verify as to whether the persons so brought are in any way connected with police or in fact they are serving members of police force . Further , there was no effort on the part of the two Special Executive Magistrates to verify that persons so brought to the police station were under any obligation of Police Inspector , Wahule . Admittedly , two eye-witnesses , Police Constables Gaikwad and Shinde when they went to the police station , contacted Police Inspector , Wahule and remained with him . In fact , on the date of identification parade , the accused persons , who were later on introduced in the parade , were in the custody of Police Inspec-tor , Wahule . It is also admitted that it was at the instance of Police Inspector Wahule , the Special Executive Magistrate ar-ranged the identification parade at the police station . Thus , Police Inspector Wahule knew the timing when the parade is to take place . From all these facts and circumstances , the Desig-nated Court concluded that there is strong possibility that the Police Inspector Wahule has shown the suspects to the two eye-witnesses who are serving members of police force . At this stage it would be useful to reproduce here the findings of the Designated Court pertaining to rejection of evidence of identifi-cation parade :
6 . After recording the aforesaid finding , the Designated Court took the view that there being strong possibility of the suspects being shown to the witnesses who were police officers , the evi-dence of identification parade has no value and therefore reject-ed it .
7 . Since this appeal being first statutory appeal , we asked learned counsel for the State of Maharashtra as to whether he intends to challenge the aforesaid findings pertaining to rejec-tion of evidence of identification parade by the Designated Court , but he was unable to displace the said findings recorded by the Designated Court .
8 . The Designated Court after having rejected the evidence of identification parade on the ground that the suspects were possi-bly shown to the witnesses , relied upon the evidence of identifi-cation of the accused in the Court by the two witnesses and on that evidence recorded conviction against the appellants . No doubt , the evidence of identification parade is not a substan-tive evidence , but its utility is for purposes of corroboration . In other words , it is utilised for corroboration of the sworn testimony of witnesses in Court as to the identity of the accused who are strangers to them . The real and substantive evidence of the identity of the accused comes when witnesses give statement in the Court , identifying the accused . It is true that in the present case , PW-2 and PW-11 identified the two accused who are the appellants before us in the Court . But , the question arises ; what value could be attached to the evidence of identity of accused by the witnesses in the Court when the accused were possibly shown to the witnesses before the identification parade in the police station . The Designated Court has already recorded a finding that there was strong possibility that the suspects were shown to the witnesses . Under such circumstances , when the accused were already shown to the witnesses , their identification in the Court by the witnesses was meaningless . The statement of witnesses in the Court identifying the accused in the Court lost all its value and could not be made basis for recording convic-tion against the accused . The reliance of evidence of identifi-cation of the accused in the Court by PW-2 and PW-11 by the Designated Court , was an erroneous way of dealing with the evidence of identification of the accused in the Court by the two eye-witnesses and had caused failure of justice . Since convic-tion of the appellants have been recorded by the Designated Court on wholly unreliable evidence , the same deserves to be set aside . We accordingly set aside the judgment and order dated 14.10.1997 passed by the Additional Judge , Designated Court for Greater Bombay in T.S.C. No.21 of 1994 , convicting the appellants . The appellants are acquitted of charges . The appeal is allowed . The appellants are entitled to be released forthwith . We order accordingly .
1 . This criminal appeal under section 19 of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities ( Prevention ) Act , 1987 ( hereinafter re-ferred to as TADA ) , at the instance of two appellants here-in , viz. , Shaikh Umar Ahmed Shaikh and Mohd. Naim Mohd. Yasin Qureshi , is directed against the judgment and order dated 14.10.97 passed by the Designated Court , Greater Bombay , Mahar-ashtra in TADA Special Case No. 21 of 1994 , whereby the Designat-ed Court has convicted the two appellants under section 3(2)(i) of TADA read with section 149 IPC and sentenced them to undergo life imprisonment . The appellants have also been convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for the offence punishable under sections 302/149 IPC and sentenced to pay a fine of Rs . 500/- each , in default to suffer R.I. for six months . Both the substantive sentences were directed to run concurrently .
2 . Prosecution story in brief is , that on 7.12.92 , the area where J.J.Hospital is situated was in the grip of communal riots as a result of which prohibitory orders were promulgated . In Ward No. 46 of the said hospital where under trial of various criminal cases were usually kept for medical treatment , a police escort consisting of one Head Constable and three constables was being provided there from the police headquarters . Head Con-stable Chandrakant Pamji Khopkar ( Buckle No. 17581 ) was in charge of the police escort of Ward No. 46 of the said hospital . Police constable S.P.Shinde ( Buckle No. 27252 ) , Police constable Rahul Hanumant Gaikwad ( Buckle No. 414 ) and the third Police constable ( Buckle No. 27231 ) were on duty at Ward No. 46 along with Head Constable Khopkar . At around 7.30 P.M. , on the said day , when the next batch of police escort party arrived at the ward , Head Constable Khopkar handed over the charge to the next batch , and took out the uniform shirt and wore a red coloured shirt . So also Police constables Shinde and Gaikwad changed their uni-forms . Thereafter Head Constable Khopkar and the other three constables left Ward No. 46 and climbed down the building of the J.J. Hospital . They came out from the premises of the hospital through gate No. 9 and reached at JJ Corner where they took turn and proceeded towards Byculla Railway Station . The third con-stable ( Buckle No. 27231 ) went away from the JJ Hospital premis-es . Head Constable Khopkar was walking ahead and from the dis-tance of about 25 feet , constable Gaikward and constable Shinde were following him on their way to Byculla Railway Station in order to go to their respective houses . When Head Constable Khopkar came near the bus stop en route bus Nos. 6 and 7 in front of gate No. 12 of JJ Hospital , constable Shinde and constable Gaikwad saw the mob of about 100 persons standing on the other side of the footpath of Sir JJ Road . They further saw that 5 to 6 persons armed with choppers and knives suddenly crossed the road and came towards Head Constable , Khopkar . Thereafter all those persons started stabbing Khopkar by means of choppers and knives , thereby Khopkar sustained severe wounds and bleeding and thereafter he collapsed on the ground . At that stage , constables Gaikwad and Shinde got frightened and therefrom they immediately took turn and went to JJ corner and gave information to the police about the said incident . On receiving the information the police party went to the place of occurrence and took injured Khopkar to J.J. Hospital where Head Constable Khopkar after examination was declared dead . Police constable Gaikwad reported the incident to the police constable on duty in the hospital who immediately reported the incident to Byculla Police Station . On 4.11.93 , the police arrested the two appellants herein and accused Mohd. Bilal and Liyakat Rasool . On 7.11.93 , the police requested Special Executive Magistrate for holding identification parade . The eye-witnesses – constables Gaikwad and Shinde al-leged to have identified the accused persons . Thereafter , on 25.11.93 again , the police requested Special Executive Magistrate to arrange identification parade and inducted appellants in the parade . On 15.1.94 , accused Jafar Mohd. Ismail Sayyad was arrest-ed and on 24.1.94 , at the instance of police , the Special Execu-tive Magistrate held another identification parade . The police subsequently obtained permission to apply the provisions of TADA and after completing the investigation the police prosecuted the accused persons under TADA . Thus , the two appellants , including the three other accused , came to be prose-cuted . All the five accused were charged for the offence punishable under Section 140 IPC read with section 3(2)(i)(ii) of TADA and also under sections 149/302 IPC . All the accused pleaded not guilty to the charge .
3 . The prosecution examined two eye-witnesses viz. , constables Gaikwad ( PW-2 ) and Shinde ( PW-11 ) , who are alleged to be the witnesses of scene of occurrence and identified the two appell-ants in the Court . By the impugned judgment the appellants were convicted for offence punishable under sections 302/149 IPC and under Section 3(2)(1) of TADA read with Section 149 I.P.C. and were sentenced to suffer life imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs. 500/- each , and in default to further suffer R.I. for six months . Accused Jafar Mohd. Ismail Sayyed , Mohd. Bilal and Liyakat Rasool Himayat Rasool Shaikh were acquitted for the offence punishable under sections 144 , 149 and 302 IPC and under section 3 (2)(i)(ii) of TADA . It is , in this way , this appeal has come before us .
4 . The foremost question that arises for consideration in this appeal is that , ” once the Designated Court rejected the evidence of identification parade , so far as they relate to the appell-ants , on the ground that there was strong possibility of the suspects being shown to the eye-witnesses at the police station , could the appellants be convicted on the evidence of identifica-tion of these accused in the Court by the witnesses ? In the present case , the prosecution examined two eye-witnesses , viz. , constables Gaikwad and Shinde ( PWs 2 and 11 respectively ) , who alleged to have witnessed the scene of occurrence . For the purpose of corroboration of the evidence of the two eye-witness-es , the prosecution relied upon the evidence of identification parades . It was brought on record that , on 7.11.93 , PW-5 Spe-cial Executive Magistrate had arranged identification parade wherein he held two separate parades . In both the parades Spe-cial Executive Magistrate introduced 22 dummies and 3 suspects at a time . In the said identification parade , Police constable Shinde ( PW-11 ) is said to have identified appellant nos. 1 and 2 viz. , Shaikh Umar Ahmed Shaikh and Mohd. Naim Mohd. Yasin Qur-eshi . The memorandum of identification parade prepared by the Special Executive Magistrate is Ex. 27 . Thereafter on 25.11.93 , PW-6 Special Executive Magistrate R.D.Singh held another identi-fication parade . In that parade 18 dummies and 6 suspects were introduced . Police constable Shinde ( PW-2 ) identified appellants Shaikh Umar Ahmed Shaikh and Mohd. Naim Mohd. Yasin Qureshi . Memorandum of identification parade prepared by R.D.Singh is Ext. 29 . Again on 24.1.94 , Special Executive Magistrate R.D. Singh arranged an identification parade and in that parade six dummies and one suspect were introduced . Constable Shinde ( PW-2 ) and constable Gaikwad ( PW-11 ) identified accused Jafar Mohd Ismail Sayyad . The purpose of filing of evidence of identification parade by the prosecution was to connect the appellants and accused No. 3 , i.e. Jafar Mohd Ismail Sayyed to the incident alleged to have taken place on 7.12.92 .
5 . Although identification parades in Byculla Police Station were arranged by S.E.M. Shri Y.N. Orhal and S.E.M Shri Singh , they took help of Police Inspector Wahule who was the Investigat-ing Officer for collecting the panchas and the documents . It was on asking of Police Inspector Wahule , police went to collect the persons . When the police brought these persons to the police station , the Special Executive Magistrate did not verify as to whether the persons so brought are in any way connected with police or in fact they are serving members of police force . Further , there was no effort on the part of the two Special Executive Magistrates to verify that persons so brought to the police station were under any obligation of Police Inspector , Wahule . Admittedly , two eye-witnesses , Police Constables Gaikwad and Shinde when they went to the police station , contacted Police Inspector , Wahule and remained with him . In fact , on the date of identification parade , the accused persons , who were later on introduced in the parade , were in the custody of Police Inspec-tor , Wahule . It is also admitted that it was at the instance of Police Inspector Wahule , the Special Executive Magistrate ar-ranged the identification parade at the police station . Thus , Police Inspector Wahule knew the timing when the parade is to take place . From all these facts and circumstances , the Desig-nated Court concluded that there is strong possibility that the Police Inspector Wahule has shown the suspects to the two eye-witnesses who are serving members of police force . At this stage it would be useful to reproduce here the findings of the Designated Court pertaining to rejection of evidence of identifi-cation parade :
6 . After recording the aforesaid finding , the Designated Court took the view that there being strong possibility of the suspects being shown to the witnesses who were police officers , the evi-dence of identification parade has no value and therefore reject-ed it .
7 . Since this appeal being first statutory appeal , we asked learned counsel for the State of Maharashtra as to whether he intends to challenge the aforesaid findings pertaining to rejec-tion of evidence of identification parade by the Designated Court , but he was unable to displace the said findings recorded by the Designated Court .
8 . The Designated Court after having rejected the evidence of identification parade on the ground that the suspects were possi-bly shown to the witnesses , relied upon the evidence of identifi-cation of the accused in the Court by the two witnesses and on that evidence recorded conviction against the appellants . No doubt , the evidence of identification parade is not a substan-tive evidence , but its utility is for purposes of corroboration . In other words , it is utilised for corroboration of the sworn testimony of witnesses in Court as to the identity of the accused who are strangers to them . The real and substantive evidence of the identity of the accused comes when witnesses give statement in the Court , identifying the accused . It is true that in the present case , PW-2 and PW-11 identified the two accused who are the appellants before us in the Court . But , the question arises ; what value could be attached to the evidence of identity of accused by the witnesses in the Court when the accused were possibly shown to the witnesses before the identification parade in the police station . The Designated Court has already recorded a finding that there was strong possibility that the suspects were shown to the witnesses . Under such circumstances , when the accused were already shown to the witnesses , their identification in the Court by the witnesses was meaningless . The statement of witnesses in the Court identifying the accused in the Court lost all its value and could not be made basis for recording convic-tion against the accused . The reliance of evidence of identifi-cation of the accused in the Court by PW-2 and PW-11 by the Designated Court , was an erroneous way of dealing with the evidence of identification of the accused in the Court by the two eye-witnesses and had caused failure of justice . Since convic-tion of the appellants have been recorded by the Designated Court on wholly unreliable evidence , the same deserves to be set aside . We accordingly set aside the judgment and order dated 14.10.1997 passed by the Additional Judge , Designated Court for Greater Bombay in T.S.C. No.21 of 1994 , convicting the appellants . The appellants are acquitted of charges . The appeal is allowed . The appellants are entitled to be released forthwith . We order accordingly .
