Sayaji Hanmat Bankar Vs. State of Maharashtra
EmailPenal Code, 1860
Sections 300 Exception 4, 304 Part I, 302 – Death by burning – Appellant-accused in a drunken state abused his wife and in a quarrel hit her left knee with a brass water pot – Thereafter threw a burning kerosene lamp on her – Deceased’s nylon sari caught fire and she received 70% burn injuries – In her dying declaration she narrated the incident and also stated that accused-appellant tried to douse the fire – Appellant too received 18% burn injuries – Both Trial court and High Court, recorded conviction under Section 302. Held, appellant acted in a heat of passion. Unfortunately deceased was wearing a nylon sari which led to much more burn injuries. Absence of premeditation and sudden fight brings the case under Exception 4 of Section 300. Conviction altererd from Section 302 to Section 304 Part-I and sentence reduced to period already undergone.
1. Challenge in this appeal is to the judgment dated 11.8.2004 in Criminal Appeal No. 319 of 2000 passed by the High Court of Bombay affirming the judgment and order dated 6.3.2000 passed by the trial court by which the appellant was convicted for the offence under Section 302 IPC and sentenced to imprisonment for life and to pay a fine of Rs. 2000/- in default to undergo further rigorous imprisonment for one year.
2. The brief facts leading to case are as under:
On 18.5.1998 at about 9 p.m., appellant-accused Sayaji Hanmat Bankar came home under the influence of liquor and abused his wife deceased-Suman. There was petty quarrel between the appellant and the deceased Suman and in that quarrel the appellant hit her left knee with a water pot made of brass and thereafter threw a burning kerosene lamp upon her. At that time, she was wearing nylon sari which immediately caught fire and she was engulfed by flames. The deceased was immediately taken to the hospital by her parents where her dying declaration was recorded. The medical report of the doctor showed that the deceased was burnt to the extent of 70%. A dying declaration was recorded. During investigation the deceased gave the above version. In her dying declaration, it has also been mentioned that the accused-appellant also tried to douse the fire. It is established that he had received burn injuries to the extent of 18%.
3. The trial court as well as the High Court have taken the view on the basis of dying declaration that the act on the part of the accused showed his intention to commit the murder or such bodily injury as was likely to result in her death.
4. We have heard Mr. S.K.C. Pasi, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant and Mr. Shankar Chillarge, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the State and also gone through the record.
5. In our view, from the evidence on record, it does not appear that the intention on the part of the accused was to cause death or such bodily injury as would have resulted in the death of his wife. There would be much more activity on the part of the accused if his intention was to commit the murder of his wife. It seems that there was a fight as soon as he came to the house under the drunken state and in the fight, he first hit her left knee with a water pot and thereafter, threw kerosene lamp on her. It is obvious from the evidence that this was done suddenly in the heat of passion. If there was any intention to commit her murder, as mentioned in Section 299 IPC, there would have been much other acts like pouring kerosene on the deceased etc. on the part of the accused.
6. The High Court rejected the contention of learned counsel for the appellant that this case would fall under Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC. It was held by the High Court that this is certainly not a case to which exception 4 to Section 300 would get attracted but would fall under clause ‘fourth’ of 300 IPC. Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC reads as under:
Exception 4- Culpable homicide is not murder if it is committed without premeditation in a sudden fight in the heat of passion upon a sudden quarrel and without the offenders having taken undue advantage or acted in a cruel or unusual manner’
7. It is clear from the reading of aforesaid Exception 4 that if the act is done without premeditation in a sudden fight or in the heat of passion upon a sudden quarrel and if the offender does not take any undue advantage or act in a cruel or unusual manner, then Exception 4 will be attracted.
8. We have gone through the evidence carefully. It seems that as soon as the accused entered the house, there appeared to be some quarrel with his wife and in that fight first, he threw water pot and thereafter a kerosene lamp. The burning seems to be more out of the fact that unfortunately at that time, the lady was wearing nylon sari. Had she not been wearing a nylon sari, it is difficult to imagine how she could have been burnt to the extent of 70%. In our view this was a case which clearly fall under Exception 4 of Section 300 IPC since there was sudden fight. There was no premeditation either. Therefore the accused-appellant is liable to be convicted for the offence punishable under Section 304 Part-I.
9. We, accordingly, alter the conviction of the accused from Section 302 IPC to Section 304 Part-I IPC and sentence him to the period already undergone by him. The sentence of fine remains the same.
10. It is submitted by the learned counsel for the appellant that the appellant was taken into custody on 29.5.1998 and was never granted bail by the High Court and he has already undergone 13 years of sentence.
11. In that view of the matter, the accused-appellant is directed to be released from the jail forthwith unless he is required in any other case.
12. The appeal is allowed partly to the extent indicated above.
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