Mahmood & Ors. Vs. The State of Bihar
EmailAppeal: Criminal Appeal No. 659 of 1993
(From the Judgment and Order dated 22.5.92 of the Patna High Court in Crl.A. No. 79 of 1987)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 22.5.92 of the Patna High Court in Crl.A. No. 79 of 1987)
Petitioner: Mahmood & Ors.
Respondent: The State of Bihar
Apeal: Criminal Appeal No. 659 of 1993
(From the Judgment and Order dated 22.5.92 of the Patna High Court in Crl.A. No. 79 of 1987)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 22.5.92 of the Patna High Court in Crl.A. No. 79 of 1987)
Judges: G.T. NANAVATI & Y.K. SABHARWAL, JJ.
Date of Judgment: Feb 16, 2000
Appearances:
Mr. R.S. Sharma, Mr. Ranjan Dwivedi, Mr. Firoze Ahmed, Advocates for the appellants.
Mr. B.B. Singh, Advocate for the Respondent.
Head Note:
CRIMINAL LAW
Indian Penal Code, 1860
Sections 396, 412 – Murder and dacoity – Evidence – Nine persons indicted – FIR within one hour of occurrence – Informant naming two accused – 5 convicted – Named accused acquitted due to state-ment of informant himself – Two more, resident of same village, also acquitted due to doubtful testimony of informant and due to enmity with one of the accused – Informant having seen occurrence from house of one PW – Said PW identifying only one of the ac-cused – Other PWs not seeing occurrence. Held that in view of Prem Singh’s case (1976 (1) SCC 805) it is not safe to base the conviction on the evidence of such witnesses. Benefit of doubt given to all convicted. (Paras 7 to 9)
Indian Penal Code, 1860
Sections 396, 412 – Murder and dacoity – Evidence – Nine persons indicted – FIR within one hour of occurrence – Informant naming two accused – 5 convicted – Named accused acquitted due to state-ment of informant himself – Two more, resident of same village, also acquitted due to doubtful testimony of informant and due to enmity with one of the accused – Informant having seen occurrence from house of one PW – Said PW identifying only one of the ac-cused – Other PWs not seeing occurrence. Held that in view of Prem Singh’s case (1976 (1) SCC 805) it is not safe to base the conviction on the evidence of such witnesses. Benefit of doubt given to all convicted. (Paras 7 to 9)
Cases Reffered:
1. Prem Singh v. State of Punjab ((1976) 1 SCC 805)
JUDGEMENT:
SABHARWAL, J.
1. Nine accused were charged for offence under Section 396 IPC. Three of them, namely, Jamil, Mokid Alam and Mahmood were further charged for offence under Section 412 IPC as well. Briefly the case of the prosecution is :
A dacoity was committed in the House of informant Bhupendra Mohan Singh, situated in Phulwari village, on 9th June, 1985 at about 7:15 p.m. 10 to 15 dacoits raided his house. The dacoits took away his licensed gun from the house besides other articles. They ransacked the house of his brother also which is situated in the same ‘Angan’ and also assaulted the wife of his brother. The informant somehow slipped out of his house and concealed himself in the house of his neighbour, Dinesh Chandra Singh and from there he saw the entire occurrence. On learning about the dacoi-ty, the villagers rushed at the place of occurrence and some of them set fire to a heap of straw. There was Chowkidar Morchand who also came armed with bow and arrow. Some of the dacoits fired on the villagers. Morchand Lal was also shot at and died at the spot. Another villager Sabo Lal was also injured by the firing. In the light of the lantern as well as torchlights flashed by the dacoits themselves, the informant identified Mohd. Dara, Mokid Alam, Mahmood, Post Card, Salim, Mokimuddin and Alim among the dacoits. They also took away Rs. 12,000/- besides ornaments, transistors, clothes, etc. S.C. Yadav, Assistant Sub-Inspector, rushed to the place of occurrence and recorded the statement of Bhupendra Mohan Singh at about 8.15 p.m. on the basis of which case was registered against seven named accused and their uniden-tified associates.
2. The prosecution examined 12 witnesses. The informant Bhupendra Mohan Singh is PW4. PW1 and PW2 are his brother. PW3 is Dinesh Chandra Singh, the neighbour from whose house PW4 claims to have seen the entire occurrence. All four of them claim that they had witnessed the occurrence. PW5, Manoranjan Singh, is also resident of the same village and said to have reached the place of occur-rence soon after the dacoits had left. PW10 is the investigating officer. The other witnesses are formal.
3. The Court of Sessions convicted 5 accused, namely, Jamil, Mahmood, Mokid Alam, Salim and Post Card @ Jagdish Mahto for offence under Section 396 IPC and sentenced them for rigorous imprisonment for life. Accused Jamil, Mahmood and Mokid Alam were also convicted for offence under Section 412 IPC as well and were further sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for seven years for the said offence. The remaining four accused, namely, Mehruddin, Mohd. Dara, Mokimuddin and Alim were acquitted. The conviction of the five accused has been upheld by the High Court. Three of them, namely, Mahmood, Mokid Alam and Post Card @ Jagd-ish are appellants before us.
4. Mohd. Dara and Mokimuddin have been named in the statement of the informant (PW4) which was recorded within about an hour of the occurrence. PW4 claims to have identified Mohd. Dara in the course of the dacoity and thus named him in the statement. No other witness stated that Mohd. Dara participated in the dacoity. Even PW4 did not support his version in the evidence recorded in court. Mohd. Dara was, therefore, acquitted for want of legal evidence to connect him with the crime. The other acquitted accused, Mokimuddin was, in fact, a resident of the same village. Except PW4, no one else identified him. The sessions court held that the claim of the identification of this accused by PW4 was doubtful and this fact was further aggravated since PW1 to PW3 did not state anything about the participation of this accused, in this dacoity.
5. Like Mokimuddin, Mehruddin was also the resident of the same village. In fact, his house is said to be situated at a distance of only about 100 yards from the place of occurrence. He was not named in the statement of PW4. PWs1 and 2 who are also said to be the victims of the dacoity, named him in their statements given to the investigating officer which were recorded a day after the date of occurrence. Before giving his statement, PW4 had talked to his brothers PW1 and PW2. In fact, they are all residing in one house. The claim was that all the four had seen the occur-rence. The Court of Sessions thus concluded that if PW1 and PW2 had identified this accused at the time of dacoity, then they would have definitely reported about it to their brother PW4 and in that eventuality, his name should have been mentioned in the statement of PW4. The absence of the name of this accused in the statement of PW4, according to the learned Additional Sessions Judge, raises strong suspicion of the accused being falsely implicated. The defence also disclosed a motive for the false implication of Mehruddin inasmuch as there was a dispute between the accused and the family of the informant over a plot which was purchased on 15th April, 1985, in the name of the wife of the informant, which is claimed to have been earlier acquired by the accused who was not ready to give up his possession. The testimo-ny of PW1 and PW2 involving Mehruddin was held not to be reliable and trustworthy.
6. The fourth acquitted accused Alim is also a resident of the same village. He was also named in the statement of PW4. Except PW4, none else had identified him. The claim of PW4 regarding the identification of this accused has been held to be doubtful by learned Additional Sessions Judge. The solitary evidence of PW4, the learned Additional Sessions Judge held, does not inspire confidence to prove the guilt against this accused and thus he was also acquitted.
7. Learned counsel for the appellants contends that in view of the aforesaid findings and conclusions of learned Additional Sessions Judge regarding the credibility of PW4 and his two brothers and PW3, the appellants cannot be convicted on the evidence of only PW1 to PW4 particularly in absence of any other independent and corroborating evidence. It is a case of one incident in which all the 9 accused were said to be involved. They were all charged of dacoity and murder. The learned Addi-tional Sessions Judge has noticed that the possibility of the false implication of the abovementioned accused as noticed herein before, cannot be ruled out. The testimony of PW1 to PW4 in respect of the acquitted accused has been rightly held to be not convincing and trustworthy. The findings and conclusions of the sessions court in regard to the acquitted accused have not been dealt by the High Court. The said findings have also not been questioned before us. A faint attempt was, however, made on behalf of the State that even if the testimony of PW1, PW2, and PW4 is ignored, there is other independent evidence in the form of statements of PW3 and PW5. As already noticed, PW3 is the person from whose house PW4, the informant, is said to have seen the occurrence. PW3 is also the witness of occurrence. He is neighbour of PW4. However, PW3 could only name one accused, i.e., Jamil. The other witness PW5 only states what was told to him by PW4. He did not witness the occurrence. On the facts of the case in our view it is not safe to base the conviction of the appell-ants only on the testimony of PWs 1 to 5. There is no other evidence to sustain their conviction.
8. Examined in the context of aforesaid facts, the doubt about the source of light also assumes importance. There is also serious doubt about the manner of identification of the sarees said to have been recovered from the houses of the accused.
9. In Prem Singh v. State of Punjab ((1976) 1 SCC 805), the conviction of the appellant which was founded solely on the evidence of the two witnesses whose testimony in regard to the other accused was held by the trial court and the High Court to be unreliable and disbelieved in regard to the participation of the said four other accused in the incident, was set aside. This Court held that it is difficult to base conviction solely on the evidence of such witnesses. In these circumstances, it is not possible to uphold the conviction of the appellants. Therefore, we give them benefit of doubt.
10. The appeal is accordingly allowed, the conviction and sentence of the appellants is set aside and they are acquitted of the offence charged. They shall be set at liberty forthwith if not required in any other case.
1. Nine accused were charged for offence under Section 396 IPC. Three of them, namely, Jamil, Mokid Alam and Mahmood were further charged for offence under Section 412 IPC as well. Briefly the case of the prosecution is :
A dacoity was committed in the House of informant Bhupendra Mohan Singh, situated in Phulwari village, on 9th June, 1985 at about 7:15 p.m. 10 to 15 dacoits raided his house. The dacoits took away his licensed gun from the house besides other articles. They ransacked the house of his brother also which is situated in the same ‘Angan’ and also assaulted the wife of his brother. The informant somehow slipped out of his house and concealed himself in the house of his neighbour, Dinesh Chandra Singh and from there he saw the entire occurrence. On learning about the dacoi-ty, the villagers rushed at the place of occurrence and some of them set fire to a heap of straw. There was Chowkidar Morchand who also came armed with bow and arrow. Some of the dacoits fired on the villagers. Morchand Lal was also shot at and died at the spot. Another villager Sabo Lal was also injured by the firing. In the light of the lantern as well as torchlights flashed by the dacoits themselves, the informant identified Mohd. Dara, Mokid Alam, Mahmood, Post Card, Salim, Mokimuddin and Alim among the dacoits. They also took away Rs. 12,000/- besides ornaments, transistors, clothes, etc. S.C. Yadav, Assistant Sub-Inspector, rushed to the place of occurrence and recorded the statement of Bhupendra Mohan Singh at about 8.15 p.m. on the basis of which case was registered against seven named accused and their uniden-tified associates.
2. The prosecution examined 12 witnesses. The informant Bhupendra Mohan Singh is PW4. PW1 and PW2 are his brother. PW3 is Dinesh Chandra Singh, the neighbour from whose house PW4 claims to have seen the entire occurrence. All four of them claim that they had witnessed the occurrence. PW5, Manoranjan Singh, is also resident of the same village and said to have reached the place of occur-rence soon after the dacoits had left. PW10 is the investigating officer. The other witnesses are formal.
3. The Court of Sessions convicted 5 accused, namely, Jamil, Mahmood, Mokid Alam, Salim and Post Card @ Jagdish Mahto for offence under Section 396 IPC and sentenced them for rigorous imprisonment for life. Accused Jamil, Mahmood and Mokid Alam were also convicted for offence under Section 412 IPC as well and were further sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for seven years for the said offence. The remaining four accused, namely, Mehruddin, Mohd. Dara, Mokimuddin and Alim were acquitted. The conviction of the five accused has been upheld by the High Court. Three of them, namely, Mahmood, Mokid Alam and Post Card @ Jagd-ish are appellants before us.
4. Mohd. Dara and Mokimuddin have been named in the statement of the informant (PW4) which was recorded within about an hour of the occurrence. PW4 claims to have identified Mohd. Dara in the course of the dacoity and thus named him in the statement. No other witness stated that Mohd. Dara participated in the dacoity. Even PW4 did not support his version in the evidence recorded in court. Mohd. Dara was, therefore, acquitted for want of legal evidence to connect him with the crime. The other acquitted accused, Mokimuddin was, in fact, a resident of the same village. Except PW4, no one else identified him. The sessions court held that the claim of the identification of this accused by PW4 was doubtful and this fact was further aggravated since PW1 to PW3 did not state anything about the participation of this accused, in this dacoity.
5. Like Mokimuddin, Mehruddin was also the resident of the same village. In fact, his house is said to be situated at a distance of only about 100 yards from the place of occurrence. He was not named in the statement of PW4. PWs1 and 2 who are also said to be the victims of the dacoity, named him in their statements given to the investigating officer which were recorded a day after the date of occurrence. Before giving his statement, PW4 had talked to his brothers PW1 and PW2. In fact, they are all residing in one house. The claim was that all the four had seen the occur-rence. The Court of Sessions thus concluded that if PW1 and PW2 had identified this accused at the time of dacoity, then they would have definitely reported about it to their brother PW4 and in that eventuality, his name should have been mentioned in the statement of PW4. The absence of the name of this accused in the statement of PW4, according to the learned Additional Sessions Judge, raises strong suspicion of the accused being falsely implicated. The defence also disclosed a motive for the false implication of Mehruddin inasmuch as there was a dispute between the accused and the family of the informant over a plot which was purchased on 15th April, 1985, in the name of the wife of the informant, which is claimed to have been earlier acquired by the accused who was not ready to give up his possession. The testimo-ny of PW1 and PW2 involving Mehruddin was held not to be reliable and trustworthy.
6. The fourth acquitted accused Alim is also a resident of the same village. He was also named in the statement of PW4. Except PW4, none else had identified him. The claim of PW4 regarding the identification of this accused has been held to be doubtful by learned Additional Sessions Judge. The solitary evidence of PW4, the learned Additional Sessions Judge held, does not inspire confidence to prove the guilt against this accused and thus he was also acquitted.
7. Learned counsel for the appellants contends that in view of the aforesaid findings and conclusions of learned Additional Sessions Judge regarding the credibility of PW4 and his two brothers and PW3, the appellants cannot be convicted on the evidence of only PW1 to PW4 particularly in absence of any other independent and corroborating evidence. It is a case of one incident in which all the 9 accused were said to be involved. They were all charged of dacoity and murder. The learned Addi-tional Sessions Judge has noticed that the possibility of the false implication of the abovementioned accused as noticed herein before, cannot be ruled out. The testimony of PW1 to PW4 in respect of the acquitted accused has been rightly held to be not convincing and trustworthy. The findings and conclusions of the sessions court in regard to the acquitted accused have not been dealt by the High Court. The said findings have also not been questioned before us. A faint attempt was, however, made on behalf of the State that even if the testimony of PW1, PW2, and PW4 is ignored, there is other independent evidence in the form of statements of PW3 and PW5. As already noticed, PW3 is the person from whose house PW4, the informant, is said to have seen the occurrence. PW3 is also the witness of occurrence. He is neighbour of PW4. However, PW3 could only name one accused, i.e., Jamil. The other witness PW5 only states what was told to him by PW4. He did not witness the occurrence. On the facts of the case in our view it is not safe to base the conviction of the appell-ants only on the testimony of PWs 1 to 5. There is no other evidence to sustain their conviction.
8. Examined in the context of aforesaid facts, the doubt about the source of light also assumes importance. There is also serious doubt about the manner of identification of the sarees said to have been recovered from the houses of the accused.
9. In Prem Singh v. State of Punjab ((1976) 1 SCC 805), the conviction of the appellant which was founded solely on the evidence of the two witnesses whose testimony in regard to the other accused was held by the trial court and the High Court to be unreliable and disbelieved in regard to the participation of the said four other accused in the incident, was set aside. This Court held that it is difficult to base conviction solely on the evidence of such witnesses. In these circumstances, it is not possible to uphold the conviction of the appellants. Therefore, we give them benefit of doubt.
10. The appeal is accordingly allowed, the conviction and sentence of the appellants is set aside and they are acquitted of the offence charged. They shall be set at liberty forthwith if not required in any other case.
