Director of Education (Secondary) And Anr. Vs. Pushpendra Kumar & Ors. etc. etc.
EmailAppeal: Civil Appeal No. 2709 of 1998
(From the Judgement and Order dated 19.04.93 of the Allahabad High Court in C.M.W.P. No. Nil of 1993)
Civil Appeal No. 2710 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 339/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2711 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 2328/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2712 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 2734/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2713 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 2735/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2714 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 16350/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2715 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 11186/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2716 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 648/95,
Civil Appeal No. 2717 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 901/95,
Civil Appeal No. 2718 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 20639/93,
Civil Appeal No. 2719 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 1062/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2720 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 4100/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2721 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 4613/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2722 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 4614/94,
(From the Judgement and Order dated 19.04.93 of the Allahabad High Court in C.M.W.P. No. Nil of 1993)
Civil Appeal No. 2710 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 339/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2711 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 2328/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2712 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 2734/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2713 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 2735/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2714 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 16350/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2715 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 11186/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2716 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 648/95,
Civil Appeal No. 2717 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 901/95,
Civil Appeal No. 2718 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 20639/93,
Civil Appeal No. 2719 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 1062/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2720 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 4100/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2721 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 4613/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2722 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 4614/94,
Petitioner: Director of Education (Secondary) And Anr.
Respondent: Pushpendra Kumar & Ors. etc. etc.
Apeal: Civil Appeal No. 2709 of 1998
(From the Judgement and Order dated 19.04.93 of the Allahabad High Court in C.M.W.P. No. Nil of 1993)
Civil Appeal No. 2710 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 339/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2711 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 2328/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2712 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 2734/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2713 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 2735/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2714 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 16350/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2715 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 11186/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2716 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 648/95,
Civil Appeal No. 2717 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 901/95,
Civil Appeal No. 2718 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 20639/93,
Civil Appeal No. 2719 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 1062/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2720 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 4100/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2721 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 4613/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2722 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 4614/94,
(From the Judgement and Order dated 19.04.93 of the Allahabad High Court in C.M.W.P. No. Nil of 1993)
Civil Appeal No. 2710 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 339/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2711 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 2328/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2712 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 2734/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2713 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 2735/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2714 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 16350/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2715 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 11186/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2716 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 648/95,
Civil Appeal No. 2717 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 901/95,
Civil Appeal No. 2718 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 20639/93,
Civil Appeal No. 2719 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 1062/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2720 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 4100/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2721 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 4613/94,
Civil Appeal No. 2722 of 1998
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 4614/94,
Judges: S.C. AGARWAL, S. SAGHIR AHMAD & M. SRINIVASAN, JJ.
Date of Judgment: May 13, 1998
Appearances:
Adarsh Goel, Additional Advocate General, (State of U.P.), T.N. Singh, R.B. Misra, Kamlendra Misra, Advocates for the appellants.
Shiv Pujan Singh, Advocate for the Respondent in C.A. Nos. 2709/98, 2710, 2712, 2717-18 and 2712/98
Ms. Sandhya Goswami, Advocate for the Respondent No. C.A. No. 2716/98
Subhash Sharma and M.R. Vij, Advocates for the Respondent C.A. No. 2720/98
Ms. Abha R. Sharma, Advocate for the Respondent in C.A. No. 2722/98
Pradeep Misra, Advocate (NP) for the Respondent in C.A. No. 2719/98
Head Note:
SERVICE LAWS
U.P. Recruitment of Dependents of Govt. Servants Dying in Harness Rules, 1974 Read with U.P. Intermediate Education Act, 1921-
Section 9 (4) and Regulations 101-107 (As inserted by Amendment vide Notification dated July 30th, 1992- Appointment on compas-sionate grounds – Underlying object- Effect on general provisions of recruitment- Construction – Dependents of the employees in Non-Govt. aided recognised secondary schools, who died in harness – Whether entitled to appointment against class III and not class IV posts, and after creating supernumerary post. Held that ap-pointment against class III posts would take away the rights of those who otherwise would be eligible against those posts. If there is no vacancy available in class III post in the same institution, where deceased was employed, or any other institu-tion, such dependent shall be appointed against class IV posts.
U.P. Recruitment of Dependents of Govt. Servants Dying in Harness Rules, 1974 Read with U.P. Intermediate Education Act, 1921-
Section 9 (4) and Regulations 101-107 (As inserted by Amendment vide Notification dated July 30th, 1992- Appointment on compas-sionate grounds – Underlying object- Effect on general provisions of recruitment- Construction – Dependents of the employees in Non-Govt. aided recognised secondary schools, who died in harness – Whether entitled to appointment against class III and not class IV posts, and after creating supernumerary post. Held that ap-pointment against class III posts would take away the rights of those who otherwise would be eligible against those posts. If there is no vacancy available in class III post in the same institution, where deceased was employed, or any other institu-tion, such dependent shall be appointed against class IV posts.
Held:
The object underlying a provision for grant of compassion-ate employment is to enable the family of the deceased employee to tide over the sudden crisis resulting due to death of the bread earner which has left the family in penury and without any means of livelihood. Out of pure humanitarian consideration and having regard to the fact that unless some source of livelihood is provided, the family would not be able to make both ends meet, a provision is made for giving gainful appointment to one of the dependents of the deceased who may be eligible for such appointment. A provision for grant of compassionate employment, which is in the nature of an exception to the general provisions, does not unduly interfere with the right of other persons who are eligible for appointment to seek employment against the post which would have been available to them, but for the provision enabling appointment being made on compassionate grounds of the dependent of a deceased employee.(para 8)
The construction placed by the High Court on the Regulations governing appointment of dependents of teaching/non-teaching staff in non-Government recognised aided institutions dying in harness would result in all the vacancies in class III posts in non-government recognised aided institutions which are required to be filled by direct recruitment being made available to the dependents of persons employed on the teaching/non-teaching staff of such institutions who die in harness and the right of other persons who are eligible for appointment to seek employment on those posts by direct recruitment would be completely excluded. On such a construction the said provision in the Regulations would be open to challenge on the ground of being violative of the right to equality in the matter of employment inasmuch as other persons who are eligible for appointment and who may be more meritorious than the dependents of deceased employees would be deprived of their right of being considered for such appointment under the rules. A construction which leads to such a result has to be avoided.(para 10)
The object underlying the provision for giving employment to a dependent of a person employed on teaching/non-teaching staff who dies in harness would be achieved if the said provision in the Regulations is construed to mean that in the matter of appointment of a dependent of a teaching/non-teaching staff in a non-Government recognised aided institution dying in harness if a post in class III is not available in the institution in which the deceased employee was employed or in any other institution in the district, the dependent would be appointed on a class IV post in the institution in which the deceased employee was employed and for that purpose a supernumerary post in class IV may by created. If the Regulations are thus construed the respondents-applicants could only be appointed on a class IV post and they could not seek a direction for being appointed on a class III post and for creation of supernumerary post in class III for that purpose.(para 10)
Cases Reffered:
1.Umesh Kumar Nagpal v. State of Haryana, = JT 1994 (3) SC 525 = 1994 (4) SCC 138 (Para 8)
2.Smt. Sushma Gosain & Ors. v. Union of India & Ors.,= JT 1989(3) SC 570 = 1989 (4) SCC 468. (Para 9)
JUDGEMENT:
S.C. AGRAWAL, J.
1. Special Leave granted.
2. These appeals relate to appointment on compassionate grounds of dependents of teaching/non-teaching staff employed in non Government recognised aided schools and intermediate colleges in the State of Uttar Pradesh who have died in harness.
3. In relation to Government employees the Government of Uttar Pradesh has made the Uttar Pradesh Recruitment of Dependents of Government Servants Dying in Harness Rules, 1974 (hereinafter re-ferred to as ‘the 1974 Rules’), wherein provision is made for recruitment of a dependent of the deceased Government servant dying in harness, who is not already employed by the Central Government, by State Government or by any Corporation which comes under the Central Government or the State Government. For the purpose the normal recruitment rules are relaxed. The said Rules are, however, not applicable to the staff employed in Government recognised aided institutions since they are not Government Servants. With regard to appointment of dependents of teaching/non teaching staff of such institutions provision was made for the first time by Circular dated September 23, 1981 whereby it was directed that where any Teaching/non Teaching employee of the non-government aided Secondary Schools dies in harness untimely and who was appointed permanent/regularly in his post, one member of his family having qualifications prescribed for non teaching post, will be given employment as early as possible, if he so desires. It was further directed that the procedure prescribed for appointment for these posts shall not be strictly adhered to but it should be necessarily considered that the concerned person is qualified to be appointed on the non teaching post under the relevant rules/orders for this purpose. In the said circular it was also laid down that a person to be appointed must have completed the age of 18 years at the time of his appointment and as far as possible the person shall be con-sidered for the appointment in the same institution in which the employee at the time of the death was working and if difficulty is faced in giving appointment due to non-availability of vacan-cies in the non-teaching post then the appointment can be made in any other similar Secondary School, where such vacancy is avail-able and the criteria will be that any one member of the family of the employee dying in harness and possessing requisite qual-ifications is given employment without any delay. Subsequently, by notification dated July 30, 1992, the State Government amended the Regulations made in exercise of the powers conferred on it under sub-section (4) of Section 9 of the U.P. Intermediate Education Act, 1921, and inserted Regulations 101 to 107 after Regulation 100 in Chapter III of the Regulations. Regulations 101 to 107 were in these terms:-
“101: The appointing authority shall not fill any vacancy in the non – teaching staff of a recognised aided institution except with the prior approval of the Inspector.
102: A vacancy to be caused on account of retirement of an employee holding non-teaching post in a recognised aided insti-tution shall be intimated three months before the date of his retirement and any vacancy occurring due to death, resignation or for any other reasons shall be intimated within seven days from the date of its occurrence to the Inspector by the ap-pointing authority.
103: In case an employee of teaching or non-teaching staff of a recognised aided institution who has been duly appointed in accordance with the prescribed procedure, dies in harness one member of his family not below the age of 18 years shall be given appointment to a non-teaching post notwithstanding any-thing contrary in the prescribed procedure for recruitment if such member possesses requisite educational qualifications prescribed for the post and is otherwise suitable for appoint-ment.
Explanation- For the purposes of this regulation ‘member of family’ shall mean widow/widower, son, unmarried or widowed daughter of the deceased.
NOTE : This regulation and regulations 104 to 107 shall apply in respect of those deceased employees also who dies on or after January 1, 1981.
104: The Management of Principal or the Head Master, as the case may be, of the recognised aided institution shall submit a report giving the name, post held, scale of pay, date of ap-pointment, date of death, name of employer institution of the deceased and the name, educational qualifications and age etc. of the family members thereof to the inspector within seven days from the date of occurrence of death. The Inspector shall register the particulars of the deceased in a register to be maintained by him.
105: A member of the family of the deceased employee re-ferred to in regulation 104 shall submit an application to the concerned Inspector for appointment to a post in the non-teaching cadre. The application shall be considered by a Com-mittee and after the Committee has recommended his appointment, the Inspector shall send the application to the Management or the Principal or the Head Master, as the case may be, of the institution where the applicant is to be employed in accordance with the provisions contained in regulation 106 for issuing appointment order. The Committee shall comprise :
1. Inspector : Chairman
2. Accounts Officer in the
office of District Inspector : Member
of schools
3. District Basic Siksha Adhikari : Member
106: The appointment of the family member of the deceased employee shall be made, as far as possible, in the same insti-tution where the deceased employee was serving at the time of his death. If there is no vacancy in non-teaching cadre in such institution, the appointment shall be made in another recog-nised aided institution of the district where there is such vacancy:
Provided that if such vacancy for the time being does not exist in any recognised aided institution of the district con-cerned, the appointment shall be made against a supernumerary post in the institution where the deceased was working at the time of his death. Such supernumerary post shall be deemed to have been created for this purpose and be continued till a vacancy becomes available in that institution in the district and in such case the service rendered by the incumbent of the supernumerary post shall be counted for the fixation of pay and retirement benefits.
107: The appointment letter shall be issued under intimation to the Inspector by the recognised aided institution to which the application for issuing appointment letter is sent by the Inspector within a period of one month from the date of receipt of the application.”
4. The respondents in these appeals are dependents of persons who were employed as teaching/non-teaching staff in non-government recognised aided schools/intermediates colleges in Uttar Pradesh. The said employees died in harness. Applications were submitted by the respondents in these appeals, who are the dependents of deceased employees, before the District Inspector of Schools for giving appointment on compassionate grounds. In most of these appeals the District Inspector of Schools passed order for their being appointed on Class IV post and on that basis orders of appointment were issued. After their appointment on a class IV post, they filed writ petitions in Allahabad High Court seeking appropriate writ direction/order for being appoint-ed on a Class III post on the ground that they possess the requi-site qualifications for appointment on class III post of Clerk. In Civil Appeal arising out of S.L.P. (C) No. 1186 of 1994 the District Inspector of Schools had offered a class IV post to the applicant and dissatisfied with the said offer he filed a writ petition in the Allahabad High Court for a direction for being appointed on a class III post of Clerk. In Civil Appeal arising out of S.L.P. (C) No. 2734 of 1993 no decision was taken by the District Inspector of Schools on the application of the applicant and he filed writ petition in the Allahabad High Court wherein he sought a direction from the High Court directing the District Inspector of Schools to appoint him on the post of Clerk. All the writ petitions have been allowed by the High Court by the impugned judgments. In cases where appointment had been made on a class IV post, the High Court has quashed such orders and has directed that the appointment of the applicant be made on a class III post provided he possesses the necessary qualifications for such post and that such appointment may be made in any institu-tions in the district and if there is no such vacancy, then a supernumerary post should he created. In the other two appeals where the appointment had not been made, the High Court while allowing the writ petitions has directed that the appointment be made on a class III post provided the applicant possesses the qualifications for the post and that if no post is available in any such institution in the district a supernumerary post should be created for that purpose.
5. Being aggrieved by the said judgments of the High Court, the State has filed these appeals.
6. The learned counsel for the appellants has pointed out that the aforesaid directions given by the High Court regarding the appointment of dependents of teaching/non-teaching staff in non-government recognised aided schools and colleges on a class III post and for creating a supernumerary post for that purpose has given rise to immense practical problems. It has been submitted that in the State of U.P. about 4,500 non-government recognised aided institutions are running and there are about 1,25,000 teaching and non-teaching employees, out of which the number of clerks working in these institutions is approximately 11,000. The number of clerks in an institution is between 1 to 3. It has been submitted that based on the mortality rate of 1% the number of persons dying in harness in each year would come to 1250 approx-imately. It has also been pointed out that the number of vacan-cies occurring on the post of clerk due to retirement and death (at the rate of 2% and 1% respectively) comes to 330 in a year. The learned counsel has invited our attention to the conditions of the services as contained in clause 2(2) of Chapter 3 of the Regulations made under Section 16 G of the U.P. Intermediate Act, which provides that fifty per cent of all sanctioned posts of Head Clerk and Clerk grade will be filled by promotion amongst the working Clerk and Class IV employees in the Institution. It is submitted that out of 330 vacancies on the post of Clerk occurring in a year on account of retirement and death, 165 will have to be set apart for promotion of working Clerk and Class IV employees and only 165 posts would be available for making ap-pointment by direct recruitment. Appointment of dependents of deceased teaching/non-teaching staff on compassionate grounds can be made only on these posts which can be filled by direct re-cruitment and as a result all the vacancies occurring in a year would be taken by such dependents of deceased teaching/non-teaching staff dying in harness. Since supernumerary posts would have to be created for making such appointment, no post would ever be available for direct recruitment of other persons who are eligible for appointment. It has also been pointed out that during the pendency of these matters in this Court, Regulations 101, 103, 104, 106 and 107 have been amended and Regulation 105A has been inserted in the Regulations by notification dated Febru-ary 2, 1995. In Regulation 106, as amended, it has been pre-scribed that if vacancy in non-teaching cadre for the time being does not exist in any recognised aided institution of the dis-trict concerned, then the appointment shall be made against a supernumerary non-teaching post of class IV category and such supernumerary post shall be deemed to have been created for this purpose and be continued till a vacancy becomes available in that institution or in any other recognised aided institution of the district and in such case, the service rendered by the incum-bent of the supernumerary post shall be counted for fixation of pay and retirement benefits. As a result of the amendment made by notification dated February 2, 1995, in the event of a non-teaching post being not available, the appointment of the depend-ent of a deceased member of the teaching/non-teaching staff dying in harness, can be made only on a Class IV post by creat-ing a supernumerary post.
7.The question for consideration is whether in the absence of the amendment that was made in the Regulations vide notification dated February 2, 1995, it was incumbent for the authorities to appoint the dependents of a member of the teaching/non-teaching staff in a non-government recognised aided institution dying in harness on a class III post even though no post was available for such appointment in the institution in which the deceased employee was employed or any other institution in the district and for that purpose a supernumerary post in class III post was required to be created. In the impugned judgments the High Court has taken the view that under the regulations as they stood prior to amendment by notification dated February 2, 1995 a supernumer-ary post in Class III was required to be created for appointing the dependent of a member of the teaching/non-teaching staff in a non-government aided institution dying in harness. The said view of the High Court has been assailed by the appellants in these appeals.
8. The object underlying a provision for grant of compassion-ate employment is to enable the family of the deceased employee to tide over the sudden crisis resulting due to death of the bread earner which has left the family in penury and without any means of livelihood. Out of pure humanitarian consideration and having regard to the fact that unless some source of livelihood is provided, the family would not be able to make both ends meet, a provision is made for giving gainful appointment to one of the dependents of the deceased who may be eligible for such appointment. Such a provision makes a departure from the general provisions providing for appointment on the post by following a particular procedure. Since such a provision enables appointment being made without following the said procedure, it is in the nature of an exception to the general provisions. An exception cannot subsume the main provision to which it is an exception and thereby nullify the main provision by taking away completely the right conferred by the main provision. Care has, therefore, to be taken that a provision for grant of compassionate employment, which is in the nature of an exception to the general provisions, does not unduly interfere with the right of other persons who are eligible for appointment to seek employment against the post which would have been available to them, but for the provision enabling appointment being made on compassionate grounds of the dependent of a deceased employee. In Umesh Kumar Nagpal v. State of Haryana, JT 1994 (3) SC 525 = 1994 (4) SCC 138, this Court has taken note of the object underlying the rules providing for ap-pointment on compassionate grounds and has held that the Govern-ment or the public authority concerned has to examine the finan-cial condition of the family of the deceased and it is only if it is satisfied, that but for the provision of employment, the family will not be able to meet the crisis that a job is to be offered to the eligible member of the family. In that case the Court was considering the question whether appointment on com-passionate grounds could be made against posts higher than posts in classes III and IV. It was held that such appointment could only be made against the lowest posts in non-manual and manual categories. It was observed:-
“The provision of employment in such lowest posts by making an exception to the rule is justifiable and valid since it is not discriminatory. The favourable treatment given to such depend-ent of the deceased employee in such posts has a rational nexus with the object sought to be achieved, viz, relief against destitution. No other posts are expected or required to be given by the public authorities for the purpose. It must be remembered in this connection that as against the destitute family of the deceased there are millions of other families which are equally if not more destitute. The exception the rule made in favour of the family of the deceased employee is in consideration of the services rendered by him and the legitimate expectations, and the change in status and affairs, of the family engendered by the erstwhile employment which are suddenly upturned.” (p.140)
9. In the said case, this Court has considered the earlier Judgment in Smt. Sushma Gosain & Ors. v. Union of India & Ors., JT 1989(3) SC 570 = 1989 (4) SCC 468. It has been observed that said judgment ‘has been misinterpreted to the point of distor-tion’ and that it does not justify compassionate employment as a matter of course.
10. The construction placed by the High Court on the Regulations governing appointment of dependents of teaching/non-teaching staff in non-Government recognised aided institutions dying in harness would result in all the vacancies in class III posts in non-government recognised aided institutions which are required to be filled by direct recruitment being made available to the dependents of persons employed on the teaching/non-teaching staff of such institutions who die in harness and the right of other persons who are eligible for appointment to seek employment on those posts by direct recruitment would be completely exclud-ed. On such a construction the said provision in the Regulations would be open to challenge on the ground of being violative of the right to equality in the matter of employment inasmuch as other persons who are eligible for appointment and who may be more meritorious than the dependents of deceased employees would be deprived of their right of being considered for such appoint-ment under the rules. A construction which leads to such a result has to be avoided. Having regard to the fact that there are large number of posts falling in class IV and appointment on these posts is made by direct recruitment the object underlying the provision for giving employment to a dependent of a person employed on teaching/non-teaching staff who dies in harness would be achieved if the said provision in the Regulations is construed to mean that in the matter of appointment of a dependent of a teaching/non-teaching staff in a non-Government recognised aided institution dying in harness if a post in class III is not available in the institution in which the deceased employee was employed or in any other institution in the district, the depend-ent would be appointed on a class IV post in the institution in which the deceased employee was employed and for that purpose a supernumerary post in class IV may by created. If the Regulations are thus construed the respondents-applicants could only be appointed on a class IV post and they could not seek a direction for being appointed on a class III post and for creation of supernumerary post in class III for that purpose. We are, there-fore, unable to uphold the direction given by the High Court in the impugned judgments whereby the respondents have been directed to be appointed on a class III post if they possess the requisite qualifications for such a post and in case no Class III post is available then a supernumerary class III post be created for the purpose of such appointment.
11. In the result, the appeals are allowed, the impugned judg-ments of the High Court are set aside and writ petitions of the respondents-applicants are disposed of with the direction that if no class III post is available in the institution in which the deceased employee was employed or in any other institution in the district, the said respondent would be appointed against a Class IV post in the institution in which the deceased employee was employed and a supernumerary post in class IV be created for that purpose. The orders passed by the District Inspectors of Schools for appointment of the respondents-applicants in appeals, other than Appeal arising out of S.L.P. (C) No. 2734 of 1992, are restored and the respondents-applicants in the said Appeal should be treated as having been appointed on a class IV post as per the orders for such appointment that were issued by the District Inspector of Schools. In Appeals arising out of S.L.P. (C) No. 2734 of 1993 the concerned District Inspector of Schools shall consider the application of the respondent- applicant for ap-pointment and if no class III post was available on the date of the passing of the impugned judgment of the High Court, the said respondent-applicant should be appointed on a class IV post in the institution in which the deceased employee was employed with effect from the date of the impugned judgment of the High Court. No order as to costs.
1. Special Leave granted.
2. These appeals relate to appointment on compassionate grounds of dependents of teaching/non-teaching staff employed in non Government recognised aided schools and intermediate colleges in the State of Uttar Pradesh who have died in harness.
3. In relation to Government employees the Government of Uttar Pradesh has made the Uttar Pradesh Recruitment of Dependents of Government Servants Dying in Harness Rules, 1974 (hereinafter re-ferred to as ‘the 1974 Rules’), wherein provision is made for recruitment of a dependent of the deceased Government servant dying in harness, who is not already employed by the Central Government, by State Government or by any Corporation which comes under the Central Government or the State Government. For the purpose the normal recruitment rules are relaxed. The said Rules are, however, not applicable to the staff employed in Government recognised aided institutions since they are not Government Servants. With regard to appointment of dependents of teaching/non teaching staff of such institutions provision was made for the first time by Circular dated September 23, 1981 whereby it was directed that where any Teaching/non Teaching employee of the non-government aided Secondary Schools dies in harness untimely and who was appointed permanent/regularly in his post, one member of his family having qualifications prescribed for non teaching post, will be given employment as early as possible, if he so desires. It was further directed that the procedure prescribed for appointment for these posts shall not be strictly adhered to but it should be necessarily considered that the concerned person is qualified to be appointed on the non teaching post under the relevant rules/orders for this purpose. In the said circular it was also laid down that a person to be appointed must have completed the age of 18 years at the time of his appointment and as far as possible the person shall be con-sidered for the appointment in the same institution in which the employee at the time of the death was working and if difficulty is faced in giving appointment due to non-availability of vacan-cies in the non-teaching post then the appointment can be made in any other similar Secondary School, where such vacancy is avail-able and the criteria will be that any one member of the family of the employee dying in harness and possessing requisite qual-ifications is given employment without any delay. Subsequently, by notification dated July 30, 1992, the State Government amended the Regulations made in exercise of the powers conferred on it under sub-section (4) of Section 9 of the U.P. Intermediate Education Act, 1921, and inserted Regulations 101 to 107 after Regulation 100 in Chapter III of the Regulations. Regulations 101 to 107 were in these terms:-
“101: The appointing authority shall not fill any vacancy in the non – teaching staff of a recognised aided institution except with the prior approval of the Inspector.
102: A vacancy to be caused on account of retirement of an employee holding non-teaching post in a recognised aided insti-tution shall be intimated three months before the date of his retirement and any vacancy occurring due to death, resignation or for any other reasons shall be intimated within seven days from the date of its occurrence to the Inspector by the ap-pointing authority.
103: In case an employee of teaching or non-teaching staff of a recognised aided institution who has been duly appointed in accordance with the prescribed procedure, dies in harness one member of his family not below the age of 18 years shall be given appointment to a non-teaching post notwithstanding any-thing contrary in the prescribed procedure for recruitment if such member possesses requisite educational qualifications prescribed for the post and is otherwise suitable for appoint-ment.
Explanation- For the purposes of this regulation ‘member of family’ shall mean widow/widower, son, unmarried or widowed daughter of the deceased.
NOTE : This regulation and regulations 104 to 107 shall apply in respect of those deceased employees also who dies on or after January 1, 1981.
104: The Management of Principal or the Head Master, as the case may be, of the recognised aided institution shall submit a report giving the name, post held, scale of pay, date of ap-pointment, date of death, name of employer institution of the deceased and the name, educational qualifications and age etc. of the family members thereof to the inspector within seven days from the date of occurrence of death. The Inspector shall register the particulars of the deceased in a register to be maintained by him.
105: A member of the family of the deceased employee re-ferred to in regulation 104 shall submit an application to the concerned Inspector for appointment to a post in the non-teaching cadre. The application shall be considered by a Com-mittee and after the Committee has recommended his appointment, the Inspector shall send the application to the Management or the Principal or the Head Master, as the case may be, of the institution where the applicant is to be employed in accordance with the provisions contained in regulation 106 for issuing appointment order. The Committee shall comprise :
1. Inspector : Chairman
2. Accounts Officer in the
office of District Inspector : Member
of schools
3. District Basic Siksha Adhikari : Member
106: The appointment of the family member of the deceased employee shall be made, as far as possible, in the same insti-tution where the deceased employee was serving at the time of his death. If there is no vacancy in non-teaching cadre in such institution, the appointment shall be made in another recog-nised aided institution of the district where there is such vacancy:
Provided that if such vacancy for the time being does not exist in any recognised aided institution of the district con-cerned, the appointment shall be made against a supernumerary post in the institution where the deceased was working at the time of his death. Such supernumerary post shall be deemed to have been created for this purpose and be continued till a vacancy becomes available in that institution in the district and in such case the service rendered by the incumbent of the supernumerary post shall be counted for the fixation of pay and retirement benefits.
107: The appointment letter shall be issued under intimation to the Inspector by the recognised aided institution to which the application for issuing appointment letter is sent by the Inspector within a period of one month from the date of receipt of the application.”
4. The respondents in these appeals are dependents of persons who were employed as teaching/non-teaching staff in non-government recognised aided schools/intermediates colleges in Uttar Pradesh. The said employees died in harness. Applications were submitted by the respondents in these appeals, who are the dependents of deceased employees, before the District Inspector of Schools for giving appointment on compassionate grounds. In most of these appeals the District Inspector of Schools passed order for their being appointed on Class IV post and on that basis orders of appointment were issued. After their appointment on a class IV post, they filed writ petitions in Allahabad High Court seeking appropriate writ direction/order for being appoint-ed on a Class III post on the ground that they possess the requi-site qualifications for appointment on class III post of Clerk. In Civil Appeal arising out of S.L.P. (C) No. 1186 of 1994 the District Inspector of Schools had offered a class IV post to the applicant and dissatisfied with the said offer he filed a writ petition in the Allahabad High Court for a direction for being appointed on a class III post of Clerk. In Civil Appeal arising out of S.L.P. (C) No. 2734 of 1993 no decision was taken by the District Inspector of Schools on the application of the applicant and he filed writ petition in the Allahabad High Court wherein he sought a direction from the High Court directing the District Inspector of Schools to appoint him on the post of Clerk. All the writ petitions have been allowed by the High Court by the impugned judgments. In cases where appointment had been made on a class IV post, the High Court has quashed such orders and has directed that the appointment of the applicant be made on a class III post provided he possesses the necessary qualifications for such post and that such appointment may be made in any institu-tions in the district and if there is no such vacancy, then a supernumerary post should he created. In the other two appeals where the appointment had not been made, the High Court while allowing the writ petitions has directed that the appointment be made on a class III post provided the applicant possesses the qualifications for the post and that if no post is available in any such institution in the district a supernumerary post should be created for that purpose.
5. Being aggrieved by the said judgments of the High Court, the State has filed these appeals.
6. The learned counsel for the appellants has pointed out that the aforesaid directions given by the High Court regarding the appointment of dependents of teaching/non-teaching staff in non-government recognised aided schools and colleges on a class III post and for creating a supernumerary post for that purpose has given rise to immense practical problems. It has been submitted that in the State of U.P. about 4,500 non-government recognised aided institutions are running and there are about 1,25,000 teaching and non-teaching employees, out of which the number of clerks working in these institutions is approximately 11,000. The number of clerks in an institution is between 1 to 3. It has been submitted that based on the mortality rate of 1% the number of persons dying in harness in each year would come to 1250 approx-imately. It has also been pointed out that the number of vacan-cies occurring on the post of clerk due to retirement and death (at the rate of 2% and 1% respectively) comes to 330 in a year. The learned counsel has invited our attention to the conditions of the services as contained in clause 2(2) of Chapter 3 of the Regulations made under Section 16 G of the U.P. Intermediate Act, which provides that fifty per cent of all sanctioned posts of Head Clerk and Clerk grade will be filled by promotion amongst the working Clerk and Class IV employees in the Institution. It is submitted that out of 330 vacancies on the post of Clerk occurring in a year on account of retirement and death, 165 will have to be set apart for promotion of working Clerk and Class IV employees and only 165 posts would be available for making ap-pointment by direct recruitment. Appointment of dependents of deceased teaching/non-teaching staff on compassionate grounds can be made only on these posts which can be filled by direct re-cruitment and as a result all the vacancies occurring in a year would be taken by such dependents of deceased teaching/non-teaching staff dying in harness. Since supernumerary posts would have to be created for making such appointment, no post would ever be available for direct recruitment of other persons who are eligible for appointment. It has also been pointed out that during the pendency of these matters in this Court, Regulations 101, 103, 104, 106 and 107 have been amended and Regulation 105A has been inserted in the Regulations by notification dated Febru-ary 2, 1995. In Regulation 106, as amended, it has been pre-scribed that if vacancy in non-teaching cadre for the time being does not exist in any recognised aided institution of the dis-trict concerned, then the appointment shall be made against a supernumerary non-teaching post of class IV category and such supernumerary post shall be deemed to have been created for this purpose and be continued till a vacancy becomes available in that institution or in any other recognised aided institution of the district and in such case, the service rendered by the incum-bent of the supernumerary post shall be counted for fixation of pay and retirement benefits. As a result of the amendment made by notification dated February 2, 1995, in the event of a non-teaching post being not available, the appointment of the depend-ent of a deceased member of the teaching/non-teaching staff dying in harness, can be made only on a Class IV post by creat-ing a supernumerary post.
7.The question for consideration is whether in the absence of the amendment that was made in the Regulations vide notification dated February 2, 1995, it was incumbent for the authorities to appoint the dependents of a member of the teaching/non-teaching staff in a non-government recognised aided institution dying in harness on a class III post even though no post was available for such appointment in the institution in which the deceased employee was employed or any other institution in the district and for that purpose a supernumerary post in class III post was required to be created. In the impugned judgments the High Court has taken the view that under the regulations as they stood prior to amendment by notification dated February 2, 1995 a supernumer-ary post in Class III was required to be created for appointing the dependent of a member of the teaching/non-teaching staff in a non-government aided institution dying in harness. The said view of the High Court has been assailed by the appellants in these appeals.
8. The object underlying a provision for grant of compassion-ate employment is to enable the family of the deceased employee to tide over the sudden crisis resulting due to death of the bread earner which has left the family in penury and without any means of livelihood. Out of pure humanitarian consideration and having regard to the fact that unless some source of livelihood is provided, the family would not be able to make both ends meet, a provision is made for giving gainful appointment to one of the dependents of the deceased who may be eligible for such appointment. Such a provision makes a departure from the general provisions providing for appointment on the post by following a particular procedure. Since such a provision enables appointment being made without following the said procedure, it is in the nature of an exception to the general provisions. An exception cannot subsume the main provision to which it is an exception and thereby nullify the main provision by taking away completely the right conferred by the main provision. Care has, therefore, to be taken that a provision for grant of compassionate employment, which is in the nature of an exception to the general provisions, does not unduly interfere with the right of other persons who are eligible for appointment to seek employment against the post which would have been available to them, but for the provision enabling appointment being made on compassionate grounds of the dependent of a deceased employee. In Umesh Kumar Nagpal v. State of Haryana, JT 1994 (3) SC 525 = 1994 (4) SCC 138, this Court has taken note of the object underlying the rules providing for ap-pointment on compassionate grounds and has held that the Govern-ment or the public authority concerned has to examine the finan-cial condition of the family of the deceased and it is only if it is satisfied, that but for the provision of employment, the family will not be able to meet the crisis that a job is to be offered to the eligible member of the family. In that case the Court was considering the question whether appointment on com-passionate grounds could be made against posts higher than posts in classes III and IV. It was held that such appointment could only be made against the lowest posts in non-manual and manual categories. It was observed:-
“The provision of employment in such lowest posts by making an exception to the rule is justifiable and valid since it is not discriminatory. The favourable treatment given to such depend-ent of the deceased employee in such posts has a rational nexus with the object sought to be achieved, viz, relief against destitution. No other posts are expected or required to be given by the public authorities for the purpose. It must be remembered in this connection that as against the destitute family of the deceased there are millions of other families which are equally if not more destitute. The exception the rule made in favour of the family of the deceased employee is in consideration of the services rendered by him and the legitimate expectations, and the change in status and affairs, of the family engendered by the erstwhile employment which are suddenly upturned.” (p.140)
9. In the said case, this Court has considered the earlier Judgment in Smt. Sushma Gosain & Ors. v. Union of India & Ors., JT 1989(3) SC 570 = 1989 (4) SCC 468. It has been observed that said judgment ‘has been misinterpreted to the point of distor-tion’ and that it does not justify compassionate employment as a matter of course.
10. The construction placed by the High Court on the Regulations governing appointment of dependents of teaching/non-teaching staff in non-Government recognised aided institutions dying in harness would result in all the vacancies in class III posts in non-government recognised aided institutions which are required to be filled by direct recruitment being made available to the dependents of persons employed on the teaching/non-teaching staff of such institutions who die in harness and the right of other persons who are eligible for appointment to seek employment on those posts by direct recruitment would be completely exclud-ed. On such a construction the said provision in the Regulations would be open to challenge on the ground of being violative of the right to equality in the matter of employment inasmuch as other persons who are eligible for appointment and who may be more meritorious than the dependents of deceased employees would be deprived of their right of being considered for such appoint-ment under the rules. A construction which leads to such a result has to be avoided. Having regard to the fact that there are large number of posts falling in class IV and appointment on these posts is made by direct recruitment the object underlying the provision for giving employment to a dependent of a person employed on teaching/non-teaching staff who dies in harness would be achieved if the said provision in the Regulations is construed to mean that in the matter of appointment of a dependent of a teaching/non-teaching staff in a non-Government recognised aided institution dying in harness if a post in class III is not available in the institution in which the deceased employee was employed or in any other institution in the district, the depend-ent would be appointed on a class IV post in the institution in which the deceased employee was employed and for that purpose a supernumerary post in class IV may by created. If the Regulations are thus construed the respondents-applicants could only be appointed on a class IV post and they could not seek a direction for being appointed on a class III post and for creation of supernumerary post in class III for that purpose. We are, there-fore, unable to uphold the direction given by the High Court in the impugned judgments whereby the respondents have been directed to be appointed on a class III post if they possess the requisite qualifications for such a post and in case no Class III post is available then a supernumerary class III post be created for the purpose of such appointment.
11. In the result, the appeals are allowed, the impugned judg-ments of the High Court are set aside and writ petitions of the respondents-applicants are disposed of with the direction that if no class III post is available in the institution in which the deceased employee was employed or in any other institution in the district, the said respondent would be appointed against a Class IV post in the institution in which the deceased employee was employed and a supernumerary post in class IV be created for that purpose. The orders passed by the District Inspectors of Schools for appointment of the respondents-applicants in appeals, other than Appeal arising out of S.L.P. (C) No. 2734 of 1992, are restored and the respondents-applicants in the said Appeal should be treated as having been appointed on a class IV post as per the orders for such appointment that were issued by the District Inspector of Schools. In Appeals arising out of S.L.P. (C) No. 2734 of 1993 the concerned District Inspector of Schools shall consider the application of the respondent- applicant for ap-pointment and if no class III post was available on the date of the passing of the impugned judgment of the High Court, the said respondent-applicant should be appointed on a class IV post in the institution in which the deceased employee was employed with effect from the date of the impugned judgment of the High Court. No order as to costs.
