Chairman, Disciplinary Authority, Rani Lakshmi Bai Kshetriya Gramin Bank Vs. Jagdish Sharan Varshney & Ot
EmailAppeal: Civil Appeal No.1921 of 2009
[Arising out of SLP (C) No.10483 of 2007]
[Arising out of SLP (C) No.10483 of 2007]
Petitioner: Chairman, Disciplinary Authority, Rani Lakshmi Bai Kshetriya Gramin Bank
Respondent: Jagdish Sharan Varshney & Others
Apeal: Civil Appeal No.1921 of 2009
[Arising out of SLP (C) No.10483 of 2007]
[Arising out of SLP (C) No.10483 of 2007]
Judges: Markandey Katju & B. Sudershan Reddy, JJ.
Date of Judgment: Mar 26, 2009
Head Note:
Service and Labour Laws
Rani Laxmibai Kshetriya Gramin Bank Officers and Employees Service Rules, 2000
Regulation 38(1) (Kha-II), Chapter VI – Respondent charge-sheeted – Found guilty by Disciplinary Authority – Reduction in the increment of time scale by 15 under Regulation 38(1) – Appeal before Appellate Authority dismissed – Writ in High Court allowed on the ground that order of Appellate Authority does not contain any reasons – Whether order of affirmation does not require reasons. Held an order of affirmation need not contain as elaborate reasons but that does not mean that an order of affirmation need not contain any reasons at all. High Court is right that reasons should have been contained in the appellate authority’s order but High Court should not have set aside the order of the disciplinary authority, in addition to setting aside the order of appellate authority. Appeal partly allowed.
Rani Laxmibai Kshetriya Gramin Bank Officers and Employees Service Rules, 2000
Regulation 38(1) (Kha-II), Chapter VI – Respondent charge-sheeted – Found guilty by Disciplinary Authority – Reduction in the increment of time scale by 15 under Regulation 38(1) – Appeal before Appellate Authority dismissed – Writ in High Court allowed on the ground that order of Appellate Authority does not contain any reasons – Whether order of affirmation does not require reasons. Held an order of affirmation need not contain as elaborate reasons but that does not mean that an order of affirmation need not contain any reasons at all. High Court is right that reasons should have been contained in the appellate authority’s order but High Court should not have set aside the order of the disciplinary authority, in addition to setting aside the order of appellate authority. Appeal partly allowed.
Held:
In our opinion, an order of affirmation need not contain as elaborate reasons as an order of reversal, but that does not mean that the order of affirmation need not contain any reasons whatsoever. In fact, the said decision in Prabhu Dayal Grover’s case (supra) has itself stated that the appellate order should disclose application of mind. Whether there was an application of mind or not can only be disclosed by some reasons, at least in brief, mentioned in the order of the appellate authority. Hence, we cannot accept the proposition that an order of affirmation need not contain any reasons at all. That order must contain some reasons, at least in brief, so that one can know whether the appellate authority has applied its mind while affirming the order of the disciplinary authority. (Para 8)
Unless reasons are disclosed, how can a person know whether the authority has applied its mind or not? Also, giving of reasons minimizes chances of arbitrariness. Hence, it is an essential requirement of the rule of law that some reasons, at least in brief, must be disclosed in a judicial or quasi-judicial order, even if it is an order of affirmation. (Para 10)
Cases Reffered:
1. Divisional Forest Officer v. Madhusudan Rao [JT 2008 (2) SC 253]] (Para 8)
2. State Bank of Bikaner & Haipur & Others v. Prabhu Dayal Grover [JT 1995 (7) SC 207] (Para 7)
3. S.N. Mukherjee v. Union of India [JT 1990 (3) SC 630] (Para 10)
4. Siemens Engineering & Manufacturing Co. Ltd. v. Union of India [AIR 1976 SC 1785] (Para 8)
5. State of Madras v. Srinivasan [AIR 1966 SC 1827] (Para 13)
6. Madhya Pradesh Industries Ltd. v. Union of India [AIR 1966 SC 671] (Para 8)
JUDGEMENT:
ORDER
1. Heard learned counsel for the parties.
2. This Appeal has been filed against the judgment and order dated 13.3.2007 passed by the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad in Civil Misc. Writ Petition No.2868 of 2004, whereby and whereunder the High Court has allowed the writ petition and quashed the order dated 23.4.2003 passed by the Disciplinary Authority and the resolution of the Board of Directors dated 4.9.2003 as communicated by Board’s letter dated 3.10.2003.
3. It appears that there was some allegation against respondent No.1 on the basis of which he was charge-sheeted; an enquiry was held and he was found guilty and he was given the punishment of fixing his pay scale at Rs.7780/- by reducing the increment of time scale by 15 under regulation 38(1) (Kha-II) of Chapter IV of the Rani Laxmibai Kshetriya Gramin Bank Officers and Employees Service Rules, 2000 (for short ‘the Rules’).
4. Aggrieved and dissatisfied by the order of the Disciplinary Authority dated 23.4.2003, respondent No.1 filed an appeal before the appellate authority (Board of Directors) on 13.6.2003 which was dismissed by the appellate authority on 4.9.2003 without giving any reasons whatsoever.
5. Aggrieved against the order of the appellate authority dated 4.9.2003, respondent No.1 filed a writ petition in the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad.
6. The High Court by the impugned order has allowed the writ petition filed by respondent No.1 and set aside the orders of the appellate authority and disciplinary authority on the ground that the order of the appellate authority dated 4.9.2003 did not contain any reasons.
7. Shri Dhruv Mehta, learned counsel appearing for the appellant relied on a decision of this Court in the case of State Bank of Bikaner & Haipur & Others v. Prabhu Dayal Grover reported in [JT 1995 (7) SC 207 ; 1995 (6) SCC 279] and contended that an order of affirmation does not require any reasons.
8. In our opinion, an order of affirmation need not contain as elaborate reasons as an order of reversal, but that does not mean that the order of affirmation need not contain any reasons whatsoever. In fact, the said decision in Prabhu Dayal Grover’s case (supra) has itself stated that the appellate order should disclose application of mind. Whether there was an application of mind or not can only be disclosed by some reasons, at least in brief, mentioned in the order of the appellate authority. Hence, we cannot accept the proposition that an order of affirmation need not contain any reasons at all. That order must contain some reasons, at least in brief, so that one can know whether the appellate authority has applied its mind while affirming the order of the disciplinary authority. The view we are taking was also taken by this Court in Divisional Forest Officer v. Madhusudan Rao [JT 2008 (2) SC 253], and in Madhya Pradesh Industries Ltd. v. Union of India [AIR 1966 SC 671], Siemens Engineering & Manufacturing Co. Ltd. v. Union of India [AIR 1976 SC 1785] etc.
9. In the present case, since the appellate authority’s order does not contain any reasons, it does not show any application of mind.
10. The purpose of disclosure of reasons, as held by a Constitution Bench of this Court in the case of S.N. Mukherjee v. Union of India reported in [JT 1990 (3) SC 630 ; 1990 (4) SCC 594], is that people must have confidence in the judicial or quasi-judicial authorities. Unless reasons are disclosed, how can a person know whether the authority has applied its mind or not? Also, giving of reasons minimizes chances of arbitrariness. Hence, it is an essential requirement of the rule of law that some reasons, at least in brief, must be disclosed in a judicial or quasi-judicial order, even if it is an order of affirmation.
11. No doubt, in S.N. Mukherjee’s case (supra), it has been observed that:
‘..The appellate or revisional authority, if it affirms such an order, need not give separate reasons if the appellate or revisional authority agrees with the reasons contained in the order under challenge.’
12. The above observation, in our opinion, really means that the order of affirmance need not contain an elaborate reasoning as contained in the order of the original authority, but it cannot be understood to mean that even brief reasons need not be given in an order of affirmance. To take a contrary view would mean that appellate authorities can simply dismiss appeals by one line orders stating that they agree with the view of the lower authority.
13. For the same reason, the decision of this Court in State of Madras v. Srinivasan [AIR 1966 SC 1827] has also to be understood as explained by us above.
14. Hence, we agree with the High Court that reasons should have been contained in the appellate authority’s order, but we cannot understand why the High Court has set aside the order of the disciplinary authority, in addition to setting aside the appellate order.
15. Hence, this appeal is partly allowed and the impugned judgment of the High Court to the extent that it has set aside the order of the disciplinary authority is set aside, and the matter is remanded to the appellate authority to decide the appeal filed by respondent No.1 afresh in accordance with law after affording an opportunity of being heard to respondent No.1 and also by passing a speaking order. The said appeal shall be decided very expeditiously. No order as to costs.
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1. Heard learned counsel for the parties.
2. This Appeal has been filed against the judgment and order dated 13.3.2007 passed by the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad in Civil Misc. Writ Petition No.2868 of 2004, whereby and whereunder the High Court has allowed the writ petition and quashed the order dated 23.4.2003 passed by the Disciplinary Authority and the resolution of the Board of Directors dated 4.9.2003 as communicated by Board’s letter dated 3.10.2003.
3. It appears that there was some allegation against respondent No.1 on the basis of which he was charge-sheeted; an enquiry was held and he was found guilty and he was given the punishment of fixing his pay scale at Rs.7780/- by reducing the increment of time scale by 15 under regulation 38(1) (Kha-II) of Chapter IV of the Rani Laxmibai Kshetriya Gramin Bank Officers and Employees Service Rules, 2000 (for short ‘the Rules’).
4. Aggrieved and dissatisfied by the order of the Disciplinary Authority dated 23.4.2003, respondent No.1 filed an appeal before the appellate authority (Board of Directors) on 13.6.2003 which was dismissed by the appellate authority on 4.9.2003 without giving any reasons whatsoever.
5. Aggrieved against the order of the appellate authority dated 4.9.2003, respondent No.1 filed a writ petition in the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad.
6. The High Court by the impugned order has allowed the writ petition filed by respondent No.1 and set aside the orders of the appellate authority and disciplinary authority on the ground that the order of the appellate authority dated 4.9.2003 did not contain any reasons.
7. Shri Dhruv Mehta, learned counsel appearing for the appellant relied on a decision of this Court in the case of State Bank of Bikaner & Haipur & Others v. Prabhu Dayal Grover reported in [JT 1995 (7) SC 207 ; 1995 (6) SCC 279] and contended that an order of affirmation does not require any reasons.
8. In our opinion, an order of affirmation need not contain as elaborate reasons as an order of reversal, but that does not mean that the order of affirmation need not contain any reasons whatsoever. In fact, the said decision in Prabhu Dayal Grover’s case (supra) has itself stated that the appellate order should disclose application of mind. Whether there was an application of mind or not can only be disclosed by some reasons, at least in brief, mentioned in the order of the appellate authority. Hence, we cannot accept the proposition that an order of affirmation need not contain any reasons at all. That order must contain some reasons, at least in brief, so that one can know whether the appellate authority has applied its mind while affirming the order of the disciplinary authority. The view we are taking was also taken by this Court in Divisional Forest Officer v. Madhusudan Rao [JT 2008 (2) SC 253], and in Madhya Pradesh Industries Ltd. v. Union of India [AIR 1966 SC 671], Siemens Engineering & Manufacturing Co. Ltd. v. Union of India [AIR 1976 SC 1785] etc.
9. In the present case, since the appellate authority’s order does not contain any reasons, it does not show any application of mind.
10. The purpose of disclosure of reasons, as held by a Constitution Bench of this Court in the case of S.N. Mukherjee v. Union of India reported in [JT 1990 (3) SC 630 ; 1990 (4) SCC 594], is that people must have confidence in the judicial or quasi-judicial authorities. Unless reasons are disclosed, how can a person know whether the authority has applied its mind or not? Also, giving of reasons minimizes chances of arbitrariness. Hence, it is an essential requirement of the rule of law that some reasons, at least in brief, must be disclosed in a judicial or quasi-judicial order, even if it is an order of affirmation.
11. No doubt, in S.N. Mukherjee’s case (supra), it has been observed that:
‘..The appellate or revisional authority, if it affirms such an order, need not give separate reasons if the appellate or revisional authority agrees with the reasons contained in the order under challenge.’
12. The above observation, in our opinion, really means that the order of affirmance need not contain an elaborate reasoning as contained in the order of the original authority, but it cannot be understood to mean that even brief reasons need not be given in an order of affirmance. To take a contrary view would mean that appellate authorities can simply dismiss appeals by one line orders stating that they agree with the view of the lower authority.
13. For the same reason, the decision of this Court in State of Madras v. Srinivasan [AIR 1966 SC 1827] has also to be understood as explained by us above.
14. Hence, we agree with the High Court that reasons should have been contained in the appellate authority’s order, but we cannot understand why the High Court has set aside the order of the disciplinary authority, in addition to setting aside the appellate order.
15. Hence, this appeal is partly allowed and the impugned judgment of the High Court to the extent that it has set aside the order of the disciplinary authority is set aside, and the matter is remanded to the appellate authority to decide the appeal filed by respondent No.1 afresh in accordance with law after affording an opportunity of being heard to respondent No.1 and also by passing a speaking order. The said appeal shall be decided very expeditiously. No order as to costs.
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