Jagdish Chander Bhatia Vs. Lachhman Das Bhatia
EmailAppeal: Criminal Appeal No.32 of 1982
Petitioner: Jagdish Chander Bhatia
Respondent: Lachhman Das Bhatia
Apeal: Criminal Appeal No.32 of 1982
Judges: LALIT MOHAN SHARMA, CJI. & A.M. AHMADI, J.
Date of Judgment: Jan 11, 1993
Head Note:
ARBITRATION ACT, 1940:
Section 30 – Award – Setting aside of – Misconduct by arbitra tor or infirmity in procedure – Coming to erroneous conclusion is not misconduct – The Court does not sit in appeal or re- assess evidence – Award upheld.
(Hind Builders v. Union of India, JT 1990 (2) SC 186
and Food Corporation of India v. Joginderpal Mohinderpal & Anr., JT 1989 (2) SC 89 – Relied.)
Held:
The Arbitrator has made a speaking award setting out his reasons for the conclusions reached by him. … On a perusal of the award, it becomes clear that the Arbitrator did not go into the rights and interests of the parties including the HUF in the properties left behind in the Dominion of Pakistan. That was, in our opinion, not necessary because the fact that the claim was sanctioned in the name of the Punnu Ram Lachhman Das never in dispute. The short question, which the Arbitrator was required to consider, was as regards the title of the properties which were the subject matter of the reference which included the property purchased for Rs.12,850/- on the strength of that claim. In dealing with that question the Arbitrator came to the conclusion that Punnu Ram and Lachhman Das had contributed the entire consideration of Rs.12,850/- and hence they were the owners of the property and on the death of Punnu Ram inheritance opened insofar as his share in the property was concerned and the Arbitrator came to the conclusion that the objector was entitled to 1/7th out of the share of the deceased. Since the contribution made for payment of the price was not equal, the Arbitrator allotted a larger share to Punnu Ram and consequently the Objector has got a share on the basis thereof. Practically, all the documents included in Vol.2 relate to the interest of the parties and their HUF in the properties left behind in the Dominion of Pakistan. The learned counsel for the Objector then tried to take us into the rights and interests of the parties in those properties, but we declined to go into the same as we thought that the Arbitrator was right that he was called upon to decide the interest of the parties in Houses Nos.17 and 18 alone which were the subject matter of the reference. We are, therefore, of the opinion that the Arbitrator had not misconducted himself by refusing to enumerate those documents in Vol.2 in his award because he was bound by the scope of the reference which was limited to Houses Nos.17 and 18 and not the properties left behind in the Dominion of Pakistan by the parties. For this reason, we are of the opinion that there is no infirmity on the face of the award which would entitle us to exercise jurisdiction under Section 30 of the Arbitration Act.
This Court pointed out in Food Corporation of India vs. Joginderpal Mohinderpal & Anr. (1989 (2) SCC 347) that an award of an Arbitrator can only be interfered with or set aside or modified within the four corners of the procedure provided by the statute. The Court must find out whether the Arbitrator has misconducted himself or there was any infirmity in the procedure, such as, the Arbitrator having travelled beyond the terms of the reference or there being an error apparent on the face of the award. It is not misconduct on the part of an Arbitrator to come to an erroneous conclusion on a disputed issue. In case of error apparent on the face of the award, the award can be set aside only if there is any proposition of law on which the award is based which is in conflict with law. It must be demonstrated to the Court that the reasons given by the Arbitrator are so palpably erroneous in law that they have resulted in the Arbitrator taking a view which cannot be sustained in law. To put it differently, the Court does not sit in appeal and does not re-assess the evidence. Even if the Court feels that had it been left to it, it would have assessed the evidence differently that would not be a valid ground for setting aside the award. In Hind Builders v. Union of India (1990 (3) SCC 338), this Court pointed out that where on an interpretation of any contract or document, two views are possible and the Arbitrator accepts one view while the other view is more appealing, it would not be open to the Court to interfere with the Award. We, therefore, in the facts and circumstances of this case, see no reason to interfere with the award of the Arbitrator. (Paras 3 and 4)
Cases Reffered:
1. Hind Builders v. Union of India, JT 1990 (2) SC 186 = 1990 (3) SCC 338. (Para 4)
2. Food Corporation of India v. Joginderpal Mohinderpal & Anr., JT 1989 (2) SC 89 = 1989 (2) SCC 347. (Para 3)
2. Food Corporation of India v. Joginderpal Mohinderpal & Anr., JT 1989 (2) SC 89 = 1989 (2) SCC 347. (Para 3)
JUDGEMENT:
O R D E R
1. Even though the dispute between the parties came to this Court from an initial order passed under Section 145 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, this Court realising that the dispute was between close relatives in respect of their interests in certain properties which were also the subject matter in a Civil Suit No.434/78 (Remand) of the Court of Sub-Judge. First Class, Delhi, advised the parties to have the same resolved through an Arbitrator. On the parties agreeing, this Court passed an order on September 5, 1986 recording the agreement to refer the dispute to arbitration and appointed Mr. Justice V.D. Misra, retired Chief Justice of the High Court of Himachal Pradesh, as the Sole Arbitrator. The parties had agreed to deposit a sum of Rs.3,000/ each with the Arbitrator to meet with his expenses and remuneration subject to further directions that may be made in that behalf. It was further directed that the learned Arbitrator will render a speaking award within four months. In view of the said agreement, the appeal was allowed and the High Court’s impugned order was set aside. It appears that thereafter one of the parties, namely, Jagdish Chander Bhatia, did not deposit the expenses with the Arbitrator and raised objection in regard to the arbitration proceedings on the plea that the property in dispute was proposed to be resumed by the Union of India. In the meantime, it appears that the sole Arbitrator passed away and in his place Mr. Justice M.S. Gujral, retired Chief Justice of the High Court of Sikkim, was appointed the Sole Arbitrator. This Court did not approve of the conduct of Jagdish Chander Bhatia in not depositing the amount and in trying to avoid adjudication of the dispute through arbitration. After this order was passed on October 12, 1990 by which a further sum of Rs.8,000/- was directed to be deposited with the Arbitrator, subject to the Arbitrator deciding who should bear the cost, the newly appointed Arbitrator entered upon the reference and submitted his award on November 14, 1991. This concluding part of his Award reads as under:
“House No.17 would entirely belong to Lachhman Das Bhatia whereas House No.18 would be jointly owned by Lachhman Das and Jagdish Chander. Lachhman Das would have 76.50% share whereas Jagdish Chander would have 23.50% share in House No.18. As House No.17 has entirely been given to Lachhman Das Bhatia in all fairness, Jagdish Chander Bhatia should give vacant posses sion of House No.17 to Lachhman Das Bhatia.”
The parties were directed to bear their own costs of the arbitration proceedings except that Jagdish Chander Bhatia had to pay Rs.4,000/- to Lachhman Das Bhatia as his share of the Arbitrator’s fees which he had initially failed to deposit. Against this award, Jagdish Chander Bhatia (hereinafter called ‘the objector’) has filed objections under Section 30 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 which provision reads as under:
“An award shall not be set aside except on one or more of the following grounds, namely –
(a) that an arbitrator or umpire has misconducted himself or the proceedings;
(b) that an award has been made after the issue of an order by the Court superseding the arbitration proceedings have 3 become invalid under Section 35;
(c) that an award has been improperly produced or is otherwise invalid.”
It was conceded by the learned counsel for the Objector that clause (b) would not be attracted. His main submission was that the Arbitrator had misconducted himself, in that, he did not take into consideration several documents which were placed on record before him which support the Objector’s case and hence the Award was invalid. He, therefore, partly relied on clauses (a) and (c) for setting aside the Award.
2. The documents to which the learned counsel for the Objector invited our attention, are to be found in Vol.2 of the paper book placed before us. These documents are 31 in number and they mainly relate to the rights and interests of the parties in properties situate in that part which now belongs to the Dominion of Pakistan. Since they were refugees they had made certain claims under the law governing rehabilitation of displaced persons in respect of the properties left behind by them. These documents show that the claim was sanctioned in the name of Punnu Ram Lachhman Das in respect of the properties left behind by the family. On the strength of that claim, House No.18 was purchased in the said name. The arbitrator, however, came to the conclusion, as is evident from the discussion from paragraph 26 and onwards of the Award, that the property in question was purchased for Rs.12,850/- from the funds contributed by Punnu Ram and Lachhman Das, the former paying Rs.9,233/- and the latter Rs.3,617/-. This is the conclusion reached by the Arbitrator as is evident from paragraph 37 of the Award. The share of the Objector was held to be 1/7th in the share of Punnu Ram, since deceased. It was on this finding recorded by the Arbitrator that he passed the ultimate order extracted above.
3. The Arbitrator has made a speaking award setting out his reasons for the conclusions reached by him. He has thus complied with the direction of this Court given earlier. On a perusal of the award, it becomes clear that the Arbitrator did not go into the rights and interests of the parties including the HUF in the properties left behind in the Dominion of Pakistan. That was, in our opinion, not necessary because the fact that the claim was sanctioned in the name of the Punnu Ram Lachhman Das never in dispute. The short question, which the Arbitrator was required to consider, was as regards the title of the properties which were the subject matter of the reference which included the property purchased for Rs.12,850/- on the strength of that claim. In dealing with that question the Arbitrator came to the conclusion that Punnu Ram and Lachhman Das had contributed the entire consideration of Rs.12,850/- and hence they were the owners of the property and on the death of Punnu Ram inheritance opened insofar as his share in the property was concerned and the Arbitrator came to the conclusion that the objector was entitled to 1/7th out of the share of the deceased. Since the contribution made for payment of the price was not equal, the Arbitrator allotted a larger share to Punnu Ram and consequently the Objector has got a share on the basis thereof. Practically, all the documents included in Vol.2 relate to the interest of the parties and their HUF in the properties left behind in the Dominion of Pakistan. The learned counsel for the Objector then tried to take us into the rights and interests of the parties in those properties, but we declined to go into the same as we thought that the Arbitrator was right that he was called upon to decide the interest of the parties in Houses Nos.17 and 18 alone which were the subject matter of the reference. We are, therefore, of the opinion that the Arbitrator had not misconducted himself by refusing to enumerate those documents in Vol.2 in his award because he was bound by the scope of the reference which was limited to Houses Nos.17 and 18 and not the properties left behind in the Dominion of Pakistan by the parties. For this reason, we are of the opinion that there is no infirmity on the face of the award which would entitle us to exercise jurisdiction under Section 30 of the Arbitration Act.
4. This Court pointed out in Food Corporation of India vs. Joginderpal Mohinderpal & Anr. (1989 (2) SCC 347) that an award of an Arbitrator can only be interfered with or set aside or modified within the four corners of the procedure provided by the statute. The Court must find out whether the Arbitrator has misconducted himself or there was any infirmity in the procedure, such as, the Arbitrator having travelled beyond the terms of the reference or there being an error apparent on the face of the award. It is not misconduct on the part of an Arbitrator to come to an erroneous conclusion on a disputed issue. In case of error apparent on the face of the award, the award can be set aside only if there is any proposition of law on which the award is based which is in conflict with law. It must be demonstrated to the Court that the reasons given by the Arbitrator are so palpably erroneous in law that they have resulted in the Arbitrator taking a view which cannot be sustained in law. To put it differently, the Court does not sit in appeal and does not re-assess the evidence. Even if the Court feels that had it been left to it, it would have assessed the evidence differently that would not be a valid ground for setting aside the award. In Hind Builders v. Union of India (1990 (3) SCC 338), this Court pointed out that where on an interpretation of any contract or document, two views are possible and the Arbitrator accepts one view while the other view is more appealing, it would not be open to the Court to interfere with the Award. We, therefore, in the facts and circumstances of this case, see no reason to interfere with the award of the Arbitrator.
5. The Suit No.434/78 pending in the court of the Sub-Judge, Delhi, was disposed of by that Court, and an appeal, being Civil Appeal No.211 of 1979 (Jagdish Chander Bhatia v. Lachhman Das Bhatia) preferred on April 23, 1979 against that decree, is pending in the Court of the District Judge, Delhi. We transfer that appeal to our file and make the Arbitrator’s award the rule of the Court. The decree of the trial court is set aside and a decree in terms of the award will be drawn up in the appeal proceedings arising out of Suit No.434/78. We, however, do not make any order as to costs in the present proceedings.
1. Even though the dispute between the parties came to this Court from an initial order passed under Section 145 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, this Court realising that the dispute was between close relatives in respect of their interests in certain properties which were also the subject matter in a Civil Suit No.434/78 (Remand) of the Court of Sub-Judge. First Class, Delhi, advised the parties to have the same resolved through an Arbitrator. On the parties agreeing, this Court passed an order on September 5, 1986 recording the agreement to refer the dispute to arbitration and appointed Mr. Justice V.D. Misra, retired Chief Justice of the High Court of Himachal Pradesh, as the Sole Arbitrator. The parties had agreed to deposit a sum of Rs.3,000/ each with the Arbitrator to meet with his expenses and remuneration subject to further directions that may be made in that behalf. It was further directed that the learned Arbitrator will render a speaking award within four months. In view of the said agreement, the appeal was allowed and the High Court’s impugned order was set aside. It appears that thereafter one of the parties, namely, Jagdish Chander Bhatia, did not deposit the expenses with the Arbitrator and raised objection in regard to the arbitration proceedings on the plea that the property in dispute was proposed to be resumed by the Union of India. In the meantime, it appears that the sole Arbitrator passed away and in his place Mr. Justice M.S. Gujral, retired Chief Justice of the High Court of Sikkim, was appointed the Sole Arbitrator. This Court did not approve of the conduct of Jagdish Chander Bhatia in not depositing the amount and in trying to avoid adjudication of the dispute through arbitration. After this order was passed on October 12, 1990 by which a further sum of Rs.8,000/- was directed to be deposited with the Arbitrator, subject to the Arbitrator deciding who should bear the cost, the newly appointed Arbitrator entered upon the reference and submitted his award on November 14, 1991. This concluding part of his Award reads as under:
“House No.17 would entirely belong to Lachhman Das Bhatia whereas House No.18 would be jointly owned by Lachhman Das and Jagdish Chander. Lachhman Das would have 76.50% share whereas Jagdish Chander would have 23.50% share in House No.18. As House No.17 has entirely been given to Lachhman Das Bhatia in all fairness, Jagdish Chander Bhatia should give vacant posses sion of House No.17 to Lachhman Das Bhatia.”
The parties were directed to bear their own costs of the arbitration proceedings except that Jagdish Chander Bhatia had to pay Rs.4,000/- to Lachhman Das Bhatia as his share of the Arbitrator’s fees which he had initially failed to deposit. Against this award, Jagdish Chander Bhatia (hereinafter called ‘the objector’) has filed objections under Section 30 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 which provision reads as under:
“An award shall not be set aside except on one or more of the following grounds, namely –
(a) that an arbitrator or umpire has misconducted himself or the proceedings;
(b) that an award has been made after the issue of an order by the Court superseding the arbitration proceedings have 3 become invalid under Section 35;
(c) that an award has been improperly produced or is otherwise invalid.”
It was conceded by the learned counsel for the Objector that clause (b) would not be attracted. His main submission was that the Arbitrator had misconducted himself, in that, he did not take into consideration several documents which were placed on record before him which support the Objector’s case and hence the Award was invalid. He, therefore, partly relied on clauses (a) and (c) for setting aside the Award.
2. The documents to which the learned counsel for the Objector invited our attention, are to be found in Vol.2 of the paper book placed before us. These documents are 31 in number and they mainly relate to the rights and interests of the parties in properties situate in that part which now belongs to the Dominion of Pakistan. Since they were refugees they had made certain claims under the law governing rehabilitation of displaced persons in respect of the properties left behind by them. These documents show that the claim was sanctioned in the name of Punnu Ram Lachhman Das in respect of the properties left behind by the family. On the strength of that claim, House No.18 was purchased in the said name. The arbitrator, however, came to the conclusion, as is evident from the discussion from paragraph 26 and onwards of the Award, that the property in question was purchased for Rs.12,850/- from the funds contributed by Punnu Ram and Lachhman Das, the former paying Rs.9,233/- and the latter Rs.3,617/-. This is the conclusion reached by the Arbitrator as is evident from paragraph 37 of the Award. The share of the Objector was held to be 1/7th in the share of Punnu Ram, since deceased. It was on this finding recorded by the Arbitrator that he passed the ultimate order extracted above.
3. The Arbitrator has made a speaking award setting out his reasons for the conclusions reached by him. He has thus complied with the direction of this Court given earlier. On a perusal of the award, it becomes clear that the Arbitrator did not go into the rights and interests of the parties including the HUF in the properties left behind in the Dominion of Pakistan. That was, in our opinion, not necessary because the fact that the claim was sanctioned in the name of the Punnu Ram Lachhman Das never in dispute. The short question, which the Arbitrator was required to consider, was as regards the title of the properties which were the subject matter of the reference which included the property purchased for Rs.12,850/- on the strength of that claim. In dealing with that question the Arbitrator came to the conclusion that Punnu Ram and Lachhman Das had contributed the entire consideration of Rs.12,850/- and hence they were the owners of the property and on the death of Punnu Ram inheritance opened insofar as his share in the property was concerned and the Arbitrator came to the conclusion that the objector was entitled to 1/7th out of the share of the deceased. Since the contribution made for payment of the price was not equal, the Arbitrator allotted a larger share to Punnu Ram and consequently the Objector has got a share on the basis thereof. Practically, all the documents included in Vol.2 relate to the interest of the parties and their HUF in the properties left behind in the Dominion of Pakistan. The learned counsel for the Objector then tried to take us into the rights and interests of the parties in those properties, but we declined to go into the same as we thought that the Arbitrator was right that he was called upon to decide the interest of the parties in Houses Nos.17 and 18 alone which were the subject matter of the reference. We are, therefore, of the opinion that the Arbitrator had not misconducted himself by refusing to enumerate those documents in Vol.2 in his award because he was bound by the scope of the reference which was limited to Houses Nos.17 and 18 and not the properties left behind in the Dominion of Pakistan by the parties. For this reason, we are of the opinion that there is no infirmity on the face of the award which would entitle us to exercise jurisdiction under Section 30 of the Arbitration Act.
4. This Court pointed out in Food Corporation of India vs. Joginderpal Mohinderpal & Anr. (1989 (2) SCC 347) that an award of an Arbitrator can only be interfered with or set aside or modified within the four corners of the procedure provided by the statute. The Court must find out whether the Arbitrator has misconducted himself or there was any infirmity in the procedure, such as, the Arbitrator having travelled beyond the terms of the reference or there being an error apparent on the face of the award. It is not misconduct on the part of an Arbitrator to come to an erroneous conclusion on a disputed issue. In case of error apparent on the face of the award, the award can be set aside only if there is any proposition of law on which the award is based which is in conflict with law. It must be demonstrated to the Court that the reasons given by the Arbitrator are so palpably erroneous in law that they have resulted in the Arbitrator taking a view which cannot be sustained in law. To put it differently, the Court does not sit in appeal and does not re-assess the evidence. Even if the Court feels that had it been left to it, it would have assessed the evidence differently that would not be a valid ground for setting aside the award. In Hind Builders v. Union of India (1990 (3) SCC 338), this Court pointed out that where on an interpretation of any contract or document, two views are possible and the Arbitrator accepts one view while the other view is more appealing, it would not be open to the Court to interfere with the Award. We, therefore, in the facts and circumstances of this case, see no reason to interfere with the award of the Arbitrator.
5. The Suit No.434/78 pending in the court of the Sub-Judge, Delhi, was disposed of by that Court, and an appeal, being Civil Appeal No.211 of 1979 (Jagdish Chander Bhatia v. Lachhman Das Bhatia) preferred on April 23, 1979 against that decree, is pending in the Court of the District Judge, Delhi. We transfer that appeal to our file and make the Arbitrator’s award the rule of the Court. The decree of the trial court is set aside and a decree in terms of the award will be drawn up in the appeal proceedings arising out of Suit No.434/78. We, however, do not make any order as to costs in the present proceedings.
