Harmohinder Singh Pradhan Vs. Ranjeet Singh Talwandi and Ors.
EmailAppeal: Civil Appeal No. 8315 of 2003
(From the Judgment and Order dated 29.5.2003 of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in E.P. No. 7 of 2002)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 29.5.2003 of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in E.P. No. 7 of 2002)
Petitioner: Harmohinder Singh Pradhan
Respondent: Ranjeet Singh Talwandi and Ors.
Apeal: Civil Appeal No. 8315 of 2003
(From the Judgment and Order dated 29.5.2003 of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in E.P. No. 7 of 2002)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 29.5.2003 of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in E.P. No. 7 of 2002)
Judges: R.C. LAHOTI, CJI, G.P. MATHUR & P.K. BALASUBRAMANYAN, JJ.
Date of Judgment: Apr 28, 2005
Appearances:
Mr. U.U. Lalit, Senior Advocate, Mr. Ashok Kumar Singh and Ms. S. Janani, Advocates with him for the Appellant.
Mr. Jaspal Singh, Senior Advocate, Mrs. Jayshree Anand, Mr. Karunakar Mahalik and Mr. Ashwani Bhardwaj, Advocates with him for the Respondents.
Mr. Jaspal Singh, Senior Advocate, Mrs. Jayshree Anand, Mr. Karunakar Mahalik and Mr. Ashwani Bhardwaj, Advocates with him for the Respondents.
Head Note:
ELECTION LAWS
Representation of the People Act, 1951
Section 123(3) – Election petition – Corrupt practices – Appeal by candidate or his agent to vote or refrain from voting for any person on the ground of his religion, race, caste, community or language – Proof of – Allegations of corrupt practice against first respondent in respect of appeal made to voters in election meetings addressed by him – Election petition merely stating that certain religious leaders held in reverence by the voters has issued an appeal to vote in favour of first ~4~ Petition nowhere mentioning the religion of first respondent – No averment that the alleged appeal was made in the name of the religion of first respondent – No allegation of any negative appeal asking the voters to refrain from voting in favour of the petitioner. Held no case of any corrupt case having been made, High Court was justified in dismissing the election petition in limine for failure to disclose the cause of action.
Representation of the People Act, 1951
Section 123(3) – Election petition – Corrupt practices – Appeal by candidate or his agent to vote or refrain from voting for any person on the ground of his religion, race, caste, community or language – Proof of – Allegations of corrupt practice against first respondent in respect of appeal made to voters in election meetings addressed by him – Election petition merely stating that certain religious leaders held in reverence by the voters has issued an appeal to vote in favour of first ~4~ Petition nowhere mentioning the religion of first respondent – No averment that the alleged appeal was made in the name of the religion of first respondent – No allegation of any negative appeal asking the voters to refrain from voting in favour of the petitioner. Held no case of any corrupt case having been made, High Court was justified in dismissing the election petition in limine for failure to disclose the cause of action.
Held:
In the case before us, the election petition nowhere mentions the religion of respondent no. 1. There is no averment made in the election petition that the said appeal was made in the name of the religion of respondent no. 1. It is not the case of the appellant in his election petition that there was any negative appeal made at any time by respondent no. 1 or on his behalf, that is to say, an appeal to voters to refrain from voting for the appellant on the ground of his religion. (Para 12)
There is yet another reason why the averments made in the election petition are deficient. The appeals are said to have been made by certain religious leaders. A distinction has to be drawn between an appeal simpliciter to vote or to refrain from voting made by religious leaders which may benefit any particular candidate and an appeal to vote or to refrain from voting on the ground of religion emanating from religious leaders and attributable to the candidate within the meaning of Section 123(3). The former is not vulnerable while the latter is. All that the election petition alleges is that certain religious leaders, held in reverence by the voters, issued an appeal to vote in favour of respondent no. 1. The appeals forming the gravamen of the charge of corrupt practice do not carry in it the element of an appeal to vote for any person on the ground of religion. (Para 13)
Necessary averment of facts constituting an appeal on the ground of ‘his religion’ to vote or to refrain from voting would be material facts within the meaning of Clause (a) of sub-Section (1) of Section 83 of the Act. If such material facts are missing, they cannot be supplied later on, after the expiry of period of limitation for filing the election petition and the plea being deficient, can be directed to be struck down under Order VI Rule 16 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 and if such plea be the sole ground of filing an election petition, the petition itself can be rejected as not disclosing a cause of action under Clause (a) of Rule 11 of Order VII of the Code. (Para 14)
Cases Reffered:
1. Dr. Ramesh Yeshwant Prabhoo v. Prabhakar Kashinath Kunte & Ors. (JT 1995 (8) SC 609) (Para 10)
2. Kanti Prasad Jayshanker Yagnik v. Purshottamdas Ranchhoddas Patel (1969 (3) SCR 400) (Para 11)
2. Kanti Prasad Jayshanker Yagnik v. Purshottamdas Ranchhoddas Patel (1969 (3) SCR 400) (Para 11)
JUDGEMENT:
R.C. Lahoti, CJI
1. This appeal under Section 116A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 (hereinafter ‘the Act’ for short) puts in issue an order passed by the designated Election Judge of the High Court, whereby an election petition filed by the appellant has been directed to be dismissed at the threshold as disclosing no cause of action.
2. The sole ground on which the election of respondent no. 1 was sought to be challenged and set aside, is that the respondent no.1 had committed the corrupt practice within the meaning of sub-Section (3) of Section 123 of the Act, which reads as under:
“123. Corrupt practices – The following shall be deemed to be corrupt practices for the purposes of this Act:-
xxx xxx
(3) The appeal by a candidate or his agent or by any other person with the consent of a candidate or his election agent to vote or refrain from voting for any person on the ground of his religion, race, caste, community or language or the use of, or appeal to religious symbols or the use of, or appeal to, national symbols, such as the national flag or the national emblem, for the furtherance of the prospects of the election of that candidate or for prejudicially affecting the election of any candidate:
(Provided that no symbol allotted under this Act to a candidate shall be deemed to be a religious symbol or a national symbol for the purposes of this clause.)”
3. The said corrupt practice is said to have been committed by respondent no. 1 in the public meetings held on 1.2.2002, 3.2.2002, 8.2.2002 and 9.2.2002. The relevant part of the averments made in this regard in the election petition are extracted and reproduced hereunder:
“Jathedar Jagdev Singh Talwandi, had specifically named all the religious leaders including Sant Mahesh Muni ji, Borewale, Sant Balbir Singh, Lamman Jattpura, Sant Zora Singh, Badni Kalan, Nanaksar Thath, Sant Niranjan Singh Ji Vaid, Sant Avtar Singh, Badni Kalan, Sant Bir Singh, Madoke, Member, SGPC, Sant Atma Singh, Dhurkot, Member, SGPC and Sant Bharpoor Singh Barmi Wale. He had called upon the people to cast their votes in furtherance to the wishes of their respective leaders and to keep their symbols high by letting his son Sh. Ranjeet Singh Talwandi, to win from 54 Raikot Assembly Constituency. Jathedar Jagdev Singh Talwandi himself was the president of SGPC, the supreme body of the Sikhs thus committing corrupt practice under Section 123(3).
That thereafter, the above appeal was got published by respondent no. 1 in Daily Ajit, a Punjabi newspaper published from Jalandhar in the issue dated 12.2.2002, photocopy of which is attached as Annexure P-2. A translated copy of the said appeal is attached herewith as Annexure P-2. The above appeal was issued by various religious leaders under their symbols, to the public and particularly to their followers for casting their votes in favour of the respondent no. 1 and is corrupt practice under Section 123(3).”
“That Jathedar Jagdev Singh Talwandi, the father of respondent no. 1 along with the respondent no. 1, in several public meetings held on 8.2.2002 and 9.2.2002, announced that all the religious leaders of the area have appealed to the public to cast their votes in favour of respondent no. 1 and as such, the people should vote in accordance with the wishes of the said leaders, under whose religion/symbols, the said people are followers.”
4. According to the election petitioner (appellant herein), such appeals for casting votes amount to corrupt practice under Section 123(3) of the Act. These appeals made at the public meetings were followed by publication in daily newspapers carrying on with them the names of the religious leaders making the appeal.
5. English translation of the appeals published in Gurumukhi respectively in the newspapers dated 5.2.2002 and 12.2.2002 have been filed, which read as under:
“APPEAL
Appeal is made to the intellectual voters of Raikot Assembly Constituency to vote and elect the candidate of Shiromani Akali Dal BJP BSP S. RANJEET SINGH TALWANDI son of the former President, Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee-Jathedar Jagdev Singh Talwandi for all round development of the area and spearheading the religious works.”
“APPEAL
CAST YOUR PRECIOUS VOTE AND ELECT S. RANJEET SINGH TALWANDI THE EDUCATED, HONEST, GUARDIAN OF RIGHTS AND TRUTH AND PEOPLE FRIENDLY CANDIDATE OF SHIROMANI AKALI DAL (BADAL), BJP-BSP FROM RAIKOT ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCY.”
6. Below the two appeals, names of certain religious heads, to whom the appeals are attributed, have also been published.
7. Averments so made have been denied in the written statement. It has also been urged that what is alleged in the election petition, does not amount to corrupt practice.
8. The learned designated Election Judge framed issues, some of which were taken up for hearing as preliminary issues. Arguments were advanced by the learned counsel for the parties before the High Court on an assumption, if no evidence were produced and the averments made in the election petition were taken as correct, would it amount to corrupt practice?
9. Shri U.U. Lalit, the learned senior counsel for the appellant has submitted that the High Court was not justified in dismissing the election petition in limine and the petition should have been set down for trial. On the other hand, Shri Jaspal Singh, the learned senior counsel for respondent no. 1 has submitted that the High Court is justified in dismissing the election petition as disclosing no cause of action, inasmuch as the averments made in the election petition even if substantiated, would not amount to corrupt practice and any evidence beyond the material facts averred in the election petition, would not be admitted.
10. The question arising for decision in this appeal is no more res integra as the point is covered by several decided cases, the most instructive one being Dr. Ramesh Yeshwant Prabhoo v. Prabhakar Kashinath Kunte & Ors.1. The emphasis is laid on the word ‘his’ as it occurs in Section 123(3) of the Act which word was not to be found in the original draft of the provision as enacted but came to be inserted into the text of the provision by the Act 40 of 1961. Reference has been made to the Parliamentary debates and the reasons ascribed by the then Law Minister for the amendment while moving the Bill in the Parliament. The Court has then held that the word ‘his’ used in sub-Section (3) of Section 123 of the Act must have significance and it cannot be ignored or equated with the word ‘any’ to be brought within the net of sub-Section (3). The religion forming the basis of the appeal to vote or refrain from voting for any person, must be of that candidate for whom the appeal to vote or refrain from voting is made. This is clear from the plain language of sub-Section (3) and this is the only manner in which the word ‘his’ used therein can be construed. When the appeal is to vote on the ground of ‘his’ religion for the furtherance of the prospects of the election of that candidate, that appeal is made on the basis of the religion of the candidate for whom votes are solicited. On the other hand, when the appeal is to refrain from voting for any person on the ground of ‘his’ religion for prejudicially affecting the election of any candidate, that appeal is based on the religion of the candidate whose election is sought to be prejudicially affected. Thus, for soliciting votes for a candidate, the appeal prohibited is that which is made on the ground of religion of the candidate for whom the votes are sought; and when the appeal is to refrain from voting for any candidate, the prohibition is against an appeal on the ground of the religion of that other candidate. The first is a positive appeal and the second a negative appeal. Sub-Section (3) clearly indicates the particular religion on the basis of which an appeal to vote or refrain from voting for any person is prohibited under sub-Section (3).
11. So is the view taken by this Court in Kanti Prasad Jayshanker Yagnik v. Purshottamdas Ranchhoddas Patel2.
12. In the case before us, the election petition nowhere mentions the religion of respondent no. 1. There is no averment made in the election petition that the said appeal was made in the name of the religion of respondent no. 1. It is not the case of the appellant in his election petition that there was any negative appeal made at any time by respondent no. 1 or on his behalf, that is to say, an appeal to voters to refrain from voting for the appellant on the ground of his religion.
13. There is yet another reason why the averments made in the election petition are deficient. The appeals are said to have been made by certain religious leaders. A distinction has to be drawn between an appeal simpliciter to vote or to refrain from voting made by religious leaders which may benefit any particular candidate and an appeal to vote or to refrain from voting on the ground of religion emanating from religious leaders and attributable to the candidate within the meaning of Section 123(3). The former is not vulnerable while the latter is. All that the election petition alleges is that certain religious leaders, held in reverence by the voters, issued an appeal to vote in favour of respondent no. 1. The appeals forming the gravamen of the charge of corrupt practice do not carry in it the element of an appeal to vote for any person on the ground of religion.
14. Necessary averment of facts constituting an appeal on the ground of ‘his religion’ to vote or to refrain from voting would be material facts within the meaning of Clause (a) of sub-Section (1) of Section 83 of the Act. If such material facts are missing, they cannot be supplied later on, after the expiry of period of limitation for filing the election petition and the plea being deficient, can be directed to be struck down under Order VI Rule 16 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 and if such plea be the sole ground of filing an election petition, the petition itself can be rejected as not disclosing a cause of action under Clause (a) of Rule 11 of Order VII of the Code.
15. No fault can be found with the view taken by the learned designated Election Judge of the High Court. The appeal is devoid of any merit and is dismissed with costs.
1. This appeal under Section 116A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 (hereinafter ‘the Act’ for short) puts in issue an order passed by the designated Election Judge of the High Court, whereby an election petition filed by the appellant has been directed to be dismissed at the threshold as disclosing no cause of action.
2. The sole ground on which the election of respondent no. 1 was sought to be challenged and set aside, is that the respondent no.1 had committed the corrupt practice within the meaning of sub-Section (3) of Section 123 of the Act, which reads as under:
“123. Corrupt practices – The following shall be deemed to be corrupt practices for the purposes of this Act:-
xxx xxx
(3) The appeal by a candidate or his agent or by any other person with the consent of a candidate or his election agent to vote or refrain from voting for any person on the ground of his religion, race, caste, community or language or the use of, or appeal to religious symbols or the use of, or appeal to, national symbols, such as the national flag or the national emblem, for the furtherance of the prospects of the election of that candidate or for prejudicially affecting the election of any candidate:
(Provided that no symbol allotted under this Act to a candidate shall be deemed to be a religious symbol or a national symbol for the purposes of this clause.)”
3. The said corrupt practice is said to have been committed by respondent no. 1 in the public meetings held on 1.2.2002, 3.2.2002, 8.2.2002 and 9.2.2002. The relevant part of the averments made in this regard in the election petition are extracted and reproduced hereunder:
“Jathedar Jagdev Singh Talwandi, had specifically named all the religious leaders including Sant Mahesh Muni ji, Borewale, Sant Balbir Singh, Lamman Jattpura, Sant Zora Singh, Badni Kalan, Nanaksar Thath, Sant Niranjan Singh Ji Vaid, Sant Avtar Singh, Badni Kalan, Sant Bir Singh, Madoke, Member, SGPC, Sant Atma Singh, Dhurkot, Member, SGPC and Sant Bharpoor Singh Barmi Wale. He had called upon the people to cast their votes in furtherance to the wishes of their respective leaders and to keep their symbols high by letting his son Sh. Ranjeet Singh Talwandi, to win from 54 Raikot Assembly Constituency. Jathedar Jagdev Singh Talwandi himself was the president of SGPC, the supreme body of the Sikhs thus committing corrupt practice under Section 123(3).
That thereafter, the above appeal was got published by respondent no. 1 in Daily Ajit, a Punjabi newspaper published from Jalandhar in the issue dated 12.2.2002, photocopy of which is attached as Annexure P-2. A translated copy of the said appeal is attached herewith as Annexure P-2. The above appeal was issued by various religious leaders under their symbols, to the public and particularly to their followers for casting their votes in favour of the respondent no. 1 and is corrupt practice under Section 123(3).”
“That Jathedar Jagdev Singh Talwandi, the father of respondent no. 1 along with the respondent no. 1, in several public meetings held on 8.2.2002 and 9.2.2002, announced that all the religious leaders of the area have appealed to the public to cast their votes in favour of respondent no. 1 and as such, the people should vote in accordance with the wishes of the said leaders, under whose religion/symbols, the said people are followers.”
4. According to the election petitioner (appellant herein), such appeals for casting votes amount to corrupt practice under Section 123(3) of the Act. These appeals made at the public meetings were followed by publication in daily newspapers carrying on with them the names of the religious leaders making the appeal.
5. English translation of the appeals published in Gurumukhi respectively in the newspapers dated 5.2.2002 and 12.2.2002 have been filed, which read as under:
“APPEAL
Appeal is made to the intellectual voters of Raikot Assembly Constituency to vote and elect the candidate of Shiromani Akali Dal BJP BSP S. RANJEET SINGH TALWANDI son of the former President, Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee-Jathedar Jagdev Singh Talwandi for all round development of the area and spearheading the religious works.”
“APPEAL
CAST YOUR PRECIOUS VOTE AND ELECT S. RANJEET SINGH TALWANDI THE EDUCATED, HONEST, GUARDIAN OF RIGHTS AND TRUTH AND PEOPLE FRIENDLY CANDIDATE OF SHIROMANI AKALI DAL (BADAL), BJP-BSP FROM RAIKOT ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCY.”
6. Below the two appeals, names of certain religious heads, to whom the appeals are attributed, have also been published.
7. Averments so made have been denied in the written statement. It has also been urged that what is alleged in the election petition, does not amount to corrupt practice.
8. The learned designated Election Judge framed issues, some of which were taken up for hearing as preliminary issues. Arguments were advanced by the learned counsel for the parties before the High Court on an assumption, if no evidence were produced and the averments made in the election petition were taken as correct, would it amount to corrupt practice?
9. Shri U.U. Lalit, the learned senior counsel for the appellant has submitted that the High Court was not justified in dismissing the election petition in limine and the petition should have been set down for trial. On the other hand, Shri Jaspal Singh, the learned senior counsel for respondent no. 1 has submitted that the High Court is justified in dismissing the election petition as disclosing no cause of action, inasmuch as the averments made in the election petition even if substantiated, would not amount to corrupt practice and any evidence beyond the material facts averred in the election petition, would not be admitted.
10. The question arising for decision in this appeal is no more res integra as the point is covered by several decided cases, the most instructive one being Dr. Ramesh Yeshwant Prabhoo v. Prabhakar Kashinath Kunte & Ors.1. The emphasis is laid on the word ‘his’ as it occurs in Section 123(3) of the Act which word was not to be found in the original draft of the provision as enacted but came to be inserted into the text of the provision by the Act 40 of 1961. Reference has been made to the Parliamentary debates and the reasons ascribed by the then Law Minister for the amendment while moving the Bill in the Parliament. The Court has then held that the word ‘his’ used in sub-Section (3) of Section 123 of the Act must have significance and it cannot be ignored or equated with the word ‘any’ to be brought within the net of sub-Section (3). The religion forming the basis of the appeal to vote or refrain from voting for any person, must be of that candidate for whom the appeal to vote or refrain from voting is made. This is clear from the plain language of sub-Section (3) and this is the only manner in which the word ‘his’ used therein can be construed. When the appeal is to vote on the ground of ‘his’ religion for the furtherance of the prospects of the election of that candidate, that appeal is made on the basis of the religion of the candidate for whom votes are solicited. On the other hand, when the appeal is to refrain from voting for any person on the ground of ‘his’ religion for prejudicially affecting the election of any candidate, that appeal is based on the religion of the candidate whose election is sought to be prejudicially affected. Thus, for soliciting votes for a candidate, the appeal prohibited is that which is made on the ground of religion of the candidate for whom the votes are sought; and when the appeal is to refrain from voting for any candidate, the prohibition is against an appeal on the ground of the religion of that other candidate. The first is a positive appeal and the second a negative appeal. Sub-Section (3) clearly indicates the particular religion on the basis of which an appeal to vote or refrain from voting for any person is prohibited under sub-Section (3).
11. So is the view taken by this Court in Kanti Prasad Jayshanker Yagnik v. Purshottamdas Ranchhoddas Patel2.
12. In the case before us, the election petition nowhere mentions the religion of respondent no. 1. There is no averment made in the election petition that the said appeal was made in the name of the religion of respondent no. 1. It is not the case of the appellant in his election petition that there was any negative appeal made at any time by respondent no. 1 or on his behalf, that is to say, an appeal to voters to refrain from voting for the appellant on the ground of his religion.
13. There is yet another reason why the averments made in the election petition are deficient. The appeals are said to have been made by certain religious leaders. A distinction has to be drawn between an appeal simpliciter to vote or to refrain from voting made by religious leaders which may benefit any particular candidate and an appeal to vote or to refrain from voting on the ground of religion emanating from religious leaders and attributable to the candidate within the meaning of Section 123(3). The former is not vulnerable while the latter is. All that the election petition alleges is that certain religious leaders, held in reverence by the voters, issued an appeal to vote in favour of respondent no. 1. The appeals forming the gravamen of the charge of corrupt practice do not carry in it the element of an appeal to vote for any person on the ground of religion.
14. Necessary averment of facts constituting an appeal on the ground of ‘his religion’ to vote or to refrain from voting would be material facts within the meaning of Clause (a) of sub-Section (1) of Section 83 of the Act. If such material facts are missing, they cannot be supplied later on, after the expiry of period of limitation for filing the election petition and the plea being deficient, can be directed to be struck down under Order VI Rule 16 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 and if such plea be the sole ground of filing an election petition, the petition itself can be rejected as not disclosing a cause of action under Clause (a) of Rule 11 of Order VII of the Code.
15. No fault can be found with the view taken by the learned designated Election Judge of the High Court. The appeal is devoid of any merit and is dismissed with costs.
