Madhukar and Ors. Vs. Sangram and Ors.
EmailAppeal: Civil Appeal No. 2918 of 2001
(Arising out of SLP (C) No. 2795/2000)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 22.3.99 of the Karnataka High Court in R.F.A. No. 103 of 1993)
(Arising out of SLP (C) No. 2795/2000)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 22.3.99 of the Karnataka High Court in R.F.A. No. 103 of 1993)
Petitioner: Madhukar and Ors.
Respondent: Sangram and Ors.
Apeal: Civil Appeal No. 2918 of 2001
(Arising out of SLP (C) No. 2795/2000)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 22.3.99 of the Karnataka High Court in R.F.A. No. 103 of 1993)
(Arising out of SLP (C) No. 2795/2000)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 22.3.99 of the Karnataka High Court in R.F.A. No. 103 of 1993)
Judges: Dr. A.S. ANANAD, CJI., R.C. LAHOTI & BRIJESH KUMAR, JJ.
Date of Judgment: Apr 20, 2001
Appearances:
Mr. P.R. Ramasesh, Advocate for the Appellants.
Mr. D.P. Chaturvedi and Mr. S.N. Bhat, Advocates for the Respond-ents.
Head Note:
CIVIL LAW
Civil Procedure Code, 1908
First appeal – Scope – Suit for declaration – Suit dismissed by trial court on grounds of limitation and res judicata because of earlier suit – Evidence in form of copies of public records and decision of earlier suit apart from oral evidence – High Court not discussing correctness of the two grounds. Held that as First Appellate Court, High Court failed to discharge its obligation. Judgment set aside and matter remanded.
Held:
Substantial documentary evidence had been placed before the trial court including certified copies of certain public records be-sides copy of the judgment and decree of the earlier suit (OS No. 93/71). Oral evidence had also been led by the parties before the trial court which was noticed and appreciated by the trial court. However, the impugned judgment in the first appeal, is singularly silent of any discussion either of documentary evidence or oral evidence. Not only that, we find that though trial court had dismissed the suit on ground of limitation as also on the ground that the decision in the earlier suit (OS No. 93/71) operated as res judicata against defendant no. 1 only the High Court has not even considered, much less discussed, correctness of either of the two grounds on which the trial court had dismissed the suit. Sitting as a court of first appeal, it was the duty of the High Court to deal with all the issues and the evidence led by the parties before recording its findings. It has failed to discharge the obligation placed on a First Appellate Court. (Para 5)
Cases Reffered:
1. Santosh Hazari v. Purushottam Tiwari (Dead) by LRs. (JT 2001 (2) SC 407) (Para 6)
JUDGEMENT:
ORDER
1. Leave granted.
2. Respondents – plaintiffs filed a suit for declaration that they, along with defendant no. 1, were the joint owners in pos-session of the suit property and also for a declaration that gift deed bearing no. 3041/65 and the two sale deeds dated 28.2.1989 were ineffective insofar as the rights of the plaintiffs are concerned. Suit was dismissed by the trial court. A perusal of the order of the trial court shows that suit was dismissed inter alia on the ground (1) of limitation and (2) on the ground that decision in an earlier suit, being OS No. 93/71 operated as res judicata of against defendant no. 1 only. Before the trial court, documentary evidence was led, including placing on record copies of entries of public records and decision of the earlier suit (O.S. No. 93/71).
3. Against the dismissal of the suit, a first appeal was filed by the plaintiffs – respondents in the High Court. The High Court, after noticing some details from the judgment of the trial court as also pleadings of the parties, opined that the questions to be decided in the appeal were :
“1) Whether the relationship claimed by the parties are true?
2) Whether the plaintiff is entitled to declaration as prayed for?”
4. After deciding these questions in favour of the plaintiffs-respondents, the High Court set aside the judgment and decree of the trial court and allowed the first appeal. Aggrieved, this appeal has been filed by special leave by the appellants-contesting defendants.
5. We have carefully perused the judgment and decree of the High Court in the first appeal. We find that substantial documentary evidence had been placed before the trial court including certi-fied copies of certain public records besides copy of the judg-ment and decree of the earlier suit (OS No. 93/71). Oral evidence had also been led by the parties before the trial court which was noticed and appreciated by the trial court. However, the impugned judgment in the first appeal, is singularly silent of any discus-sion either of documentary evidence or oral evidence. Not only that, we find that though trial court had dismissed the suit on ground of limitation as also on the ground that the decision in the earlier suit (OS No. 93/71) operated as res judicata against defendant no. 1 only the High Court has not even considered, much less discussed, correctness of either of the two grounds on which the trial court had dismissed the suit. Sitting as a court of first appeal, it was the duty of the High Court to deal with all the issues and the evidence led by the parties before recording its findings. It has failed to discharge the obligation placed on a First Appellate Court. The judgment under appeal is so cryptic that none of the relevant aspects have even been noticed. The appeal has been decided in a very unsatisfactory manner. First appeal is a valuable right and the parties have a right to be heard both on questions of law and on facts and the judgment in the first appeal must address itself to all the issues of law and fact and decide it by giving reasons in support of the findings.
6. In Santosh Hazari v. Purushottam Tiwari (Dead) by LRs. (JT 2001 (2) SC 407) this court opined:
“The Appellate Court has jurisdiction to reverse or affirm the findings of the trial court. First appeal is a valuable right of the parties and unless restricted by law, the whole case is therein open for rehearing both on questions of fact and law. The judgment of the Appellate Court must, therefore, reflect its conscious application of mind, and record findings supported by reasons, on all the issues arising along with the contentions put forth, and pressed by the parties for decision of the Appellate Court.”
…………………….
…………………….
“While reversing a finding of fact the Appellate Court must come into close quarters with the reasoning assigned by the trial court and then assign its own reasons for arriving at a different finding. This would satisfy the Court hearing a further appeal that the First Appellate Court had discharged the duty expected of it.”
7. The salutary principles referred to above in Santosh Hazari’s case (supra) have been respected in their breach.
8. Our careful perusal of the judgment in the first appeal shows that it hopelessly falls short of considerations which are ex-pected from the court of first appeal. We, accordingly, set aside the impugned judgment and decree of the High Court and remand the first appeal to the High Court for its fresh disposal in accor-dance with law.
9. We wish to clarify that nothing said hereinabove shall be construed as any expression of opinion on the merits of the case.
10. We request the High Court to dispose of the appeal expe-ditiously after notice to the parties.
11. The appeal is disposed of in the above terms. Parties shall bear their own costs.
1. Leave granted.
2. Respondents – plaintiffs filed a suit for declaration that they, along with defendant no. 1, were the joint owners in pos-session of the suit property and also for a declaration that gift deed bearing no. 3041/65 and the two sale deeds dated 28.2.1989 were ineffective insofar as the rights of the plaintiffs are concerned. Suit was dismissed by the trial court. A perusal of the order of the trial court shows that suit was dismissed inter alia on the ground (1) of limitation and (2) on the ground that decision in an earlier suit, being OS No. 93/71 operated as res judicata of against defendant no. 1 only. Before the trial court, documentary evidence was led, including placing on record copies of entries of public records and decision of the earlier suit (O.S. No. 93/71).
3. Against the dismissal of the suit, a first appeal was filed by the plaintiffs – respondents in the High Court. The High Court, after noticing some details from the judgment of the trial court as also pleadings of the parties, opined that the questions to be decided in the appeal were :
“1) Whether the relationship claimed by the parties are true?
2) Whether the plaintiff is entitled to declaration as prayed for?”
4. After deciding these questions in favour of the plaintiffs-respondents, the High Court set aside the judgment and decree of the trial court and allowed the first appeal. Aggrieved, this appeal has been filed by special leave by the appellants-contesting defendants.
5. We have carefully perused the judgment and decree of the High Court in the first appeal. We find that substantial documentary evidence had been placed before the trial court including certi-fied copies of certain public records besides copy of the judg-ment and decree of the earlier suit (OS No. 93/71). Oral evidence had also been led by the parties before the trial court which was noticed and appreciated by the trial court. However, the impugned judgment in the first appeal, is singularly silent of any discus-sion either of documentary evidence or oral evidence. Not only that, we find that though trial court had dismissed the suit on ground of limitation as also on the ground that the decision in the earlier suit (OS No. 93/71) operated as res judicata against defendant no. 1 only the High Court has not even considered, much less discussed, correctness of either of the two grounds on which the trial court had dismissed the suit. Sitting as a court of first appeal, it was the duty of the High Court to deal with all the issues and the evidence led by the parties before recording its findings. It has failed to discharge the obligation placed on a First Appellate Court. The judgment under appeal is so cryptic that none of the relevant aspects have even been noticed. The appeal has been decided in a very unsatisfactory manner. First appeal is a valuable right and the parties have a right to be heard both on questions of law and on facts and the judgment in the first appeal must address itself to all the issues of law and fact and decide it by giving reasons in support of the findings.
6. In Santosh Hazari v. Purushottam Tiwari (Dead) by LRs. (JT 2001 (2) SC 407) this court opined:
“The Appellate Court has jurisdiction to reverse or affirm the findings of the trial court. First appeal is a valuable right of the parties and unless restricted by law, the whole case is therein open for rehearing both on questions of fact and law. The judgment of the Appellate Court must, therefore, reflect its conscious application of mind, and record findings supported by reasons, on all the issues arising along with the contentions put forth, and pressed by the parties for decision of the Appellate Court.”
…………………….
…………………….
“While reversing a finding of fact the Appellate Court must come into close quarters with the reasoning assigned by the trial court and then assign its own reasons for arriving at a different finding. This would satisfy the Court hearing a further appeal that the First Appellate Court had discharged the duty expected of it.”
7. The salutary principles referred to above in Santosh Hazari’s case (supra) have been respected in their breach.
8. Our careful perusal of the judgment in the first appeal shows that it hopelessly falls short of considerations which are ex-pected from the court of first appeal. We, accordingly, set aside the impugned judgment and decree of the High Court and remand the first appeal to the High Court for its fresh disposal in accor-dance with law.
9. We wish to clarify that nothing said hereinabove shall be construed as any expression of opinion on the merits of the case.
10. We request the High Court to dispose of the appeal expe-ditiously after notice to the parties.
11. The appeal is disposed of in the above terms. Parties shall bear their own costs.
