Mahant Chand Nath Yogi & Anr. Vs. State of Haryana
EmailAppeal: Criminal Appeal Nos. 1087-1088 of
2002
(Arising out of S.L.P (Crl.) Nos. 1103-1104 of 2002)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 21.12.2001 & 22.2.2002 of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in Crl.M.No. 27699-M of 2001 & Crl.M. No. 887 of 2002)
2002
(Arising out of S.L.P (Crl.) Nos. 1103-1104 of 2002)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 21.12.2001 & 22.2.2002 of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in Crl.M.No. 27699-M of 2001 & Crl.M. No. 887 of 2002)
Petitioner: Mahant Chand Nath Yogi & Anr.
Respondent: State of Haryana
Apeal: Criminal Appeal Nos. 1087-1088 of
2002
(Arising out of S.L.P (Crl.) Nos. 1103-1104 of 2002)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 21.12.2001 & 22.2.2002 of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in Crl.M.No. 27699-M of 2001 & Crl.M. No. 887 of 2002)
2002
(Arising out of S.L.P (Crl.) Nos. 1103-1104 of 2002)
(From the Judgment and Order dated 21.12.2001 & 22.2.2002 of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in Crl.M.No. 27699-M of 2001 & Crl.M. No. 887 of 2002)
Judges: DORAISWAMY RAJU & SHIVARAJ V. PATIL, JJ.
Date of Judgment: Oct 24, 2002
Appearances:
Mr. Sushil Kumar, Senior Advocate, Mr. Sanjay Jain, Mr. Adolf Mathew and Ms. Meenakshi Arora, Advocates with him for the Appellant.
Mr. N.S. Bhinder, Advocate, Special Public Prosecutor, for Haryana, H.P.S. Bhinder, Mr. J.P. Dhanda, Mr. Raj Rani Dhanda and Mr. Sunder Khatri, Advocates for the Respondents.
Head Note:
CRIMINAL LAW
Code of Criminal Procedure,1973
Section 438 – Bail – Anticipatory bail – When a person apprehending arrest can seek direction for bail – Principles for grant of such bail – When High Court can cancel the bail granted by the courts below – Distinction between rejection of bail in non-bailable case at initial stage and cancellation of bail already granted – Appellants rigorously interrogated in connection with a murder case based on the statement made by a hardened criminal implicating them – Appellants however, found to be innocent and accordingly discharged – Appellants seeking anticipatory bail apprehending possible illegal action by the police – Sessions court granting bail initially for a period of six weeks and later confirming the bail – Subsequent to this appellants co-operating with the investigating agencies and participating in investigation – On an application filed by the state, High Court after protracted proceedings ultimately cancelling the bail – Whether the anticipatory bail granted to the appellants sustainable – Whether High Court justified in cancelling the same. Held there was nothing to show that the judicial discretion exercised by the sessions court in granting the bail, was exercised either erroneously or on any irrelevant consideration. Appellants having been named as accused for committing the offence after a period of four and half months from the date of offence and that too based on the disclosure statement of a hardened criminal which was proved to be false, the sessions court exercised the discretion properly. High Court wrong on observing that the sessions court’s order was based on erroneous use of judicial discretion without showing how the judicial discretion was wrongly exercised. A considered order of the sessions court supported by reasons does not become erroneous by merely dubbing or calling it as such. Very cogent and overwhelming grounds or circumstances are required to cancel the bail already granted and hence the High Court erred in cancelling the bail in a mechanical manner without considering the contentions of the parties objectively. Sessions court’s order granting bail accordingly restored.
Held:
The High Court has simply observed in the order dated 21.12.2001 that the learned additional sessions judge, Rewari, had not taken all facts into account and that he granted anticipatory bail to the appellants on 9.4.2001 when the case was at initial stage. We find this statement is factually incorrect looking to the order of the learned additional sessions judges and the records of the case. The learned sessions judge had taken pains to notice the relevant facts and circumstances of the case and that the case was not at the initial stage. The High Court has simply stated that the order of the learned sessions judge is based on exercise of judicial discretion in erroneous manner without considering the material on the file. It is strange that the High Court has made such an observation without showing how the judicial discretion exercised by the learned additional sessions judge was erroneous. A considered order of the learned additional sessions judge supported by reasons in exercise of judicial discretion does not become erroneous by merely dubbing or calling it as such. In our view, in the light of what is stated above, both the orders of the learned additional sessions judges dated 9.4.2001 and 5.6.2001 after due consideration of the facts and circumstances of the case to the extent required for exercise of judicial discretion in the matter of granting bail are sustainable. The judicial discretion exercised in granting anticipatory bail, in our opinion, is neither perverse nor erroneous. On the other hand, they are based on relevant considerations supported by reasons. The High Court has observed “it is alleged in the present case that the appellant no. 1 wielded great influence and had obtained bail by dubious means”. This observation is not based on any finding. When the learned additional sessions judges have passed the orders granting anticipatory bail exercising judicial discretion, there is no warrant to say that such an order of bail is obtained by dubious means. The High Court, except referring to two decisions as to the position of law, failed to notice the facts and relevant aspects of the case on hand to apply them. (Para 16)
Normally, very cogent and overwhelming grounds or circumstances are required to cancel the bail already granted. In the present case, the High Court, it appears, did not bear this distinction in mind and cancelled the bail in a mechanical manner. (Para 17)
Thus, in our view, the High Court committed a manifest and serious error in passing the impugned orders setting aside the anticipatory bail granted to the appellants by the order dated 9.4.2001 as confirmed by the order dated 5.6.2001 of the learned additional sessions judge. The impugned orders of the High Court under the circumstances are unsustainable. (Para 18)
Cases Reffered:
1. Harjit Singh v. State of Punjab (JT 2001 (10) SC 336) (Para 11)
2. Subhendu Mishra v. Subrat Kumar Mishra & Anr. (2000 SCC (Crl) 1508) (Para 17)
3. Dolat Ram & Ors. v. State of Haryana (JT 1995 (1) SC 127) (Para 17)
2. Subhendu Mishra v. Subrat Kumar Mishra & Anr. (2000 SCC (Crl) 1508) (Para 17)
3. Dolat Ram & Ors. v. State of Haryana (JT 1995 (1) SC 127) (Para 17)
JUDGEMENT:
Shivaraj V. Patil J.
1. Leave granted.
2. Heard learned counsel for the parties at length.
3. We feel it necessary to state the facts leading to the filing of these appeals giving some details. There is a trust by name – Shri Baba Mast Nath Ayurvedic and Sanskrit Shikshan Sansthan. Mahant Sh. Shreyo Nath removed Karan Nath, Azad Nath and others from the committee of the trust and appointed the appellant no. 1 as his successor. Mahant Shreyo Nath expired on 7.1.1985. The appellant no. 1 became the mahant of the gaddi of Shri Baba Mast Nath Math at Asthal Bohar, Rohtak. The appellant no. 1 claims to have dedicated himself to the field of development of education, social reforms and all-round progress of various institutions run and established by the math; he is the founder and the chairperson of number of institutions including the dental college and hospital, engineering college, ayurvedic college, charitable eye hospital named after Baba Mast Nath; he has undertaken projects for setting up a blind school, orphanage, deaf and dumb school, Shree Mast Nath Medical College and Shree Baba Mast Nath Deemed University; and claims to serve the poor and downtrodden persons to uplift their educational status. It is also stated that the various institutions run by math do not receive any aid from the government or non-governmental organizations.
4. He contested election in the year 1999 to Haryana state assembly as an independent candidate against the wishes of Shri Om Prakash Chautala who wanted him to contest from his party. It is further, alleged that Shri Chautala demanded money and the appellant no. 1 invited his wrath by refusing to meet his demand. He states that Shri O.P. Kaushik, the vice-chancellor of M.D. University, Rohtak, also demanded huge sum of money from him who subsequently contested assembly election in the year 1999 on the party ticket of Shri Om Prakash Chautala. Shri Kaushik had passed orders cancelling admissions made to the institutions run by the appellant no. 1 which were subsequently set aside by the courts. He is falsely involved in the case in the background stated above with the change of government in the state.
5. A F.I.R. was registered with police station Bawal stating that on 24.1.1999 at about 5.00 p.m. complainant Randhir Singh, S/o Chhote Lal had gone to see Baba Azad Nath (deceased) in Shiv temple at village Assalwas. At about 6.15 p.m., Baba Azad Nath came out and was sitting with sewaks Tej Pal, son of Ami Lal, Jaina son of Prabhata and Ombir son of Ram Pal and others. At that time, one man aged 25/26 years wearing a pant and shirt and a black loi came there and wanted to smoke sulpha, on which baba replied that it could not be done but he could take meal. The young man refused to take meal. On asking, he said that he was Sangwan from Jind. Baba told him to go from front gate if he did not want to take meal. Thereafter, complainant and others started taking meal and baba had gone for urination. Within 4-5 minutes, there was a big noise of phatakas (fire works) and baba gave a call “bhajjio” (run). On hearing, the complainant and others left their meals and went towards back side and found that baba was lying with his mouth downward near a tree with bleeding from the right side of his chest. In the F.I.R., it is further stated that complainant and others had doubts that person by hiding in the cover of darkness had fired at baba and he died because of gun shots and that if the person comes before them, they could identify him.
6. It is the case of the appellant no. 1 that the police with mala fide and oblique motive and under the pressure of the present government of Haryana wanted to implicate him in F.I.R. no. 17/99 dated 24.1.1999 registered under sections 302/120-B IPC and section 25/54/59 of the Arms Act. A false case was tried to be made out against him to mar his reputation and create hurdles in the developmental activities. The police officials attempted to falsely involve him in the criminal case with the aid of one Kishan, son of Randhir Singh, resident of Mehandipur. The said Kishan is a hardened criminal and a life convict against whom several criminal cases pertaining to heinous offences are pending. It was alleged by the police that the said Kishan in custody made a disclosure statement implicating the appellants under section 120-B of the IPC. In that connection, the appellant no. 1 was rigorously interrogated on 24.6.1999 by various police officials including inspector, CID/Crime, Faridabad and found that the appellants were not involved and found them innocent after the investigation was verified by the superior officers. However, on finding that the disclosure statement of Kishan was wrong, on an application made for discharge, the CJM, Rewari passed the order of discharge on 3.11.1999 which reads as under:-
“An application for discharge of the accused has been filed which is allowed as the accused has been found innocent during the investigation of the case and, therefore, the accused is discharged. He be released forthwith if not required in the other case. File after needful be consigned to the record room.”
7. In February, 2001, the appellant no. 1 received threatening demand over phone to pay Rs. 10/- crores by March, 2001 failing which he would be kidnapped and murdered. On this, he filed a complaint and F.I.R. no. 42 dated 5.2.2001 was registered under section 387 IPC. He requested for adequate security. On police refusing to do so, he approached the district and sessions judge who directed the S.P., Rohtak to provide adequate security. Even then, no security was provided to him.
8. The police at the behest of senior politicians made yet another attempt to implicate him with the help of another hardened criminal Manjit Singh, son of Tek Ram and Ashok Kumar, resident of Delhi. Manjit Singh had remained in police and judicial custody in various criminal cases. No plausible explanation has been given by Manjit Singh as to why he did not disclose alleged involvement of appellants in the crime after the registration of aforesaid, F.I.R. no. 17 dated 24.1.1999 and till his arrest on 10.3.2001 in the present case.
9. Under these circumstances and due to continued illegal acts of the police, the appellants filed an application for bail under section 438 Cr.P.C. on 20.3.2001 in the sessions court. The learned additional sessions court, Rewari, after hearing both sides initially granted anticipatory bail on 9.4.2001 for six weeks, which was confirmed and bail was continued by the order dated 5.6.2001.
10. The state filed a criminal (misc.) application no. 27699-M of 2001 on 18.7.2001 under section 439(2) read with section 482 Cr.P.C. in the High Court for cancellation of anticipatory bail granted to the appellants. The appellant no. 1 sent letters dated 23.7.2001, 21.8.2001 and 15.9.2001 to In-charge, CIA staff police, Sonepat offering to join the investigation which letters were acknowledged. Although the appellants went to join investigation in response to the notice dated 19.9.2001 but nothing was done and they were sent back saying that they would be called on some other date. Suspecting some evil designs, the appellants made an application to the CJM, who after notice to the state fixed 27.10.2001 for joining investigation at CIA staff police, Sonepat. The appellants did appear for investigation on that date. They were interrogated upto 2.00 p.m. on 27.10.2001 and for two hours again on 28.10.2001. The investigating officer completed the investigation. The appellants filed a detailed reply to the petition filed by the state under section 439(2) read with section 482 Cr.P.C. placing on record all material documents of facts. The High Court after considering the matter on 21.12.2001 partially allowed the said criminal misc. application and set aside the order of the additional sessions judge dated 9.4.2001 but the High Court did not deal with the bail order dated 5.6.2001 inasmuch as the High Court did not consider the facts and subsequent circumstances, as taken into consideration by the learned additional sessions judge, while confirming bail. Thus the bail order dated 5.6.2001 remained undisturbed; despite the same, police tried to arrest the appellants; hence they filed criminal misc. application no. 52331-M/2001 under section 438 read with 482 Cr.P.C. restraining the respondents from arresting them. The High Court on 28.12.2001 issued notice on the application returnable by 8.3.2002 and directed the respondent not to arrest the appellants in the meanwhile. The respondent-state filed an application on 4.1.2002 under section 482 Cr.P.C. for clarification/modification of order dated 21.12.2001 to the effect that the order dated 5.6.2001 granting bail by the additional sessions judge is also set aside; Criminal misc. application no. 52331-M/2001 be heard along with the application filed for clarification; notice issued for 8.3.2002 by Hon’ble Mr. Justice R.L.Anand be preponed and for some other directions. The High Court by the order dated 22.2.2002 allowed the application filed for clarification holding that by oversight or omission, the order dated 9.4.2001 was mentioned instead of 5.6.2001 and that the real intention was to cancel the order dated 5.6.2001. By the same order dated 22.2.2002, the learned judge set aside the order dated 28.12.2001 passed by another learned Judge of the coordinate bench of the High Court in criminal misc. application no. 52331-M of 2001 observing that the learned judge ought not to have passed such an order and the said order in any case became infructuous. Hence these appeals.
11. The learned senior counsel for the appellants in support of these appeals strongly contended that the learned judge who passed the impugned orders seriously erred in allowing the application filed by the respondent for recalling the order dated 28.12.2001 passed by another learned judge of the co-ordinate bench; such an application was itself not maintainable in view of the decision of this Court in Harjit Singh v. State of Punjab1, the respondent was not entitled to the relief sought for in respect of the order dated 28.12.2001 passed in criminal misc. no. 27699-M of 2001 in view of the express and clear bar contained in section 362 Cr.P.C. in the matter of alteration/review of a judgment; the High Court also has failed to appreciate that there is a political rivalry and the police officials are acting at the behest of certain politicians and higher officials; the appellant no. 1 having dedicated himself to the service of the poor and has deep roots in the society with name and good reputation; from the facts narrated and the records, it is clear that the appellants were falsely implicated in the case to wreck personal vendetta; the High Court has also failed to see that the appellants were already rigorously interrogated by the police officials and it was found that they were not involved in the offence as alleged. According to learned senior counsel, the appellants did not misuse the anticipatory bail granted by the learned additional sessions judge; the application filed for cancellation of the orders dated 9.4.2001 and 5.6.2001 is primarily based on the contention that the appellants are not joining investigation and that they are tampering with the evidence but the High Court has failed to appreciate that the appellants after grant of anticipatory bail on 9.4.2001 joined investigation on more than one occasion and they were interrogated sufficiently and that even the case was committed for trial having completed the investigation; further a co-accused Ashok Kumar had been released on bail on 3.9.2001 during the pendency of criminal misc. petition before the High Court; he finally submitted that the police officials at the instance of politicians are bent upon to harass the appellants by getting them into police custody.
12. In opposition, the learned counsel for the state seriously contended that the appellant no. 1 is a very influential person and is not co-operating in investigation; in order to investigate, particularly as regards the offence under section 120-B IPC in the facts and circumstances of the case, the custodial interrogation of the appellants is very much required; he took pains to narrate the details about the prosecution case and the investigation done so far. He made submissions in support and justification of the impugned orders. He maintained that the accidental error could be corrected by the High Court on the application filed for clarification by the state; the powers of High Court to cancel the bail are wide enough to cover the cases like the one on hand particularly when the order of bail granted by the learned additional sessions judge was not based on proper judicial discretion. He urged that in the interest of justice, the impugned orders may be sustained. He reiterated the submissions that were made before the High Court.
13. We have carefully considered the contentions and submissions made on behalf of either side.
14. We consider it unnecessary to deal with the contentions whether an order of clarification or modification could be passed by the High Court as is done in the impugned order dated 22.2.2002 or whether the bar contained under section 362 Cr.P.C. applies to the present case or whether an order passed by one learned judge of coordinate bench of the High Court could be recalled by another learned judge. Keeping in view the facts and circumstances of the case, in the backdrop of facts narrated in sufficient details, we think it is just and appropriate to examine the main question and decide whether the anticipatory bail granted to the appellants could be sustained or not. The case against the appellants is for an offence under section 120-B IPC i.e. conspiracy for the murder of Baba Azad Nath and in furtherance of the same, co-accused Manjit Singh had murdered the said Baba Azad Nath on 24.1.1999 at about 6.15 p.m.; the learned sessions judge, Rewari, after elaborate and detailed consideration, keeping in view the rival contentions granted anticipatory bail for six weeks on 9.4.2001; as can be seen from this very order, everyone of the contentions raised by the learned public prosecutor are dealt with; it is noticed in the said order that the statements of the eye-witnesses named in the F.I.R. no. 17/99 of police station, Bawal had not been recorded till then regarding identity of Manjit Singh, accused as assailant, who is said to have committed the murder; the alleged disclosure statement of Kishan on the basis of which offence under section 120-B IPC was added later after about four and half months from the date of the murder against the appellants, was proved to be false and police even got the said Kishan discharged in terms of the order dated 8.11.1999. According to the respondent, previous investigating officer and supervisory officers acted mala fidely and illegally and this aspect was being investigated seriously and that it would take some time to collect evidence; the evidence collected in second phase of investigation is in the form of statements of three persons, namely, accused Manjit Singh, accused Ashok Kumar and Jai Parkash Dayiya; the statements of first two persons being co-accused, their disclosure statements without leading to any recovery may not turn out to be a lawful evidence; the statement of third person was prima facie tested in the light of the facts though witness Jai Parkash joined investigation some time in June, 1999; he made the statement for the first time on 13.3.2001, and his statement runs contrary to the certificate issued by the branch manager in regard to conversion of cash of Rs. 20,00,000/- from currency notes of Rs. 100/- to currency notes of Rs. 500/- which amount alleged to have been paid to the killer and if there was threat to witness Jai Parkash to the knowledge of the police, they could have taken steps; keeping in view the decisions cited at the bar and the totality of the circumstances, the learned additional sessions judge exercised judicial discretion in granting bail to the appellants on 9.4.2001.
15. Learned additional sessions judge, Rewari, by his order dated 5.6.2001 confirmed the aforesaid, order dated 9.4.2001, passed by his predecessor. In the order dated 5.6.2001, the learned additional sessions judge has again objectively considered the submissions made on either side in the light of the facts of the case. In the said order, it is observed that the concession of anticipatory bail granted to the appellants was not misused; undisputably, the appellant no. 1 had succeeded to the gaddi of the math on 21.5.1984 in the life time of Mahant Shreyo Nath; admittedly, there was no legal fight between the appellant no. 1 and Baba Azad Nath regarding succession to gaddi of the math; Baba Azad Nath was murdered on 24.1.1999 about 15 years after succession to the gaddi of the math; the allegation of tampering of evidence raised by the learned public prosecutor related to the period prior to the granting of anticipatory bail on 9.4.2001; the investigation against three co-accused namely, Manjit Singh, Rajesh and Ashok Kumar had almost been completed and challan was likely to be submitted. The learned additional sessions judge, in para 11 of the said order, has summed up thus:-
“11. Admittedly, the state had never approached the court for withdrawal of the anticipatory bail order dated 9.4.2001, alleging that the petitioners were not joining the investigation. In such circumstances, the contention raised by the learned counsel for the petitioners has some substance. Thus, in view of the fact that petitioner mahant Chand Nath Yogi had succeeded to the gaddi of the math as early as on 21.05.1984 in the life time of his Guru Sri Shreyo Nath without any protest from Baba Azad Nath; that no legal or otherwise battle ensued between the deceased and the petitioner regarding the succession of the gaddi to the math; that death of Baba Azad Nath was caused as late as on 24.01.1999; that in case, the petitioners had refused to join the investigation, the police had never approached the court for the cancellation of the bail order dated 9.4.2001 or for seeking fresh directions to the petitioners to join the investigation as and when required; that the investigation of the case, at least concerning other three co-accused, has already been completed; that the petitioners have been availing the benefit of anticipatory bail since 9.4.2001 and have not misused the concession of bail (except the allegation that they did not join the investigation, which has already been discussed above); and also taking into consideration the attending facts and circumstances of the entire case, without expressing my opinion on the merits of the case. I hereby find merit in the bail application and confirm the order dated 9.4.2001…”
16. After perusing the orders of the learned additional sessions judges dated 9.4.2001 and 5.6.2001 and records, we do not get any impression that the judicial discretion, in granting anticipatory bail was exercised either erroneously or on any irrelevant consideration. The serious contention advanced before us by the learned public prosecutor is that for further investigation of the case, custodial interrogation of the appellant is very much required. While stating the facts in the beginning, we have noticed that the appellants joined investigation whenever required and as a matter of fact they were interrogated on two occasions for sufficient time. The appellants were named as accused for committing offence under section 120-B IPC almost after a period of four and half months from the date of the murder, that too based on the disclosure statement of hardened criminal; the statement of Kishan on whose statement the appellants were involved in the offence was proved to be false and police got him discharged. The submission of the learned public prosecutor that earlier investigation made by the police officers and scrutinized by the superiors was faulty and mala fide, is not a ground to put against the appellants at this stage. The appellant no. 1 has also alleged that he is falsely involved in the case because of political rivalry and he was threatened for extracting money; in that regard he had also made complaint to the police seeking protection. Unfortunately, the High Court in the impugned order dated 21.12.2001, cancelling the anticipatory bail granted to the appellants and in the subsequent order dated 22.2.2002, did not consider the contentions raised on behalf of the parties objectively and in proper perspective and did not deal with the reasons recorded and consideration made by the learned additional sessions judges in the orders dated 9.4.2001 and 5.6.2001 granting anticipatory bail. The High Court has simply observed in the order dated 21.12.2001 that the learned additional sessions judge, Rewari, had not taken all facts into account and that he granted anticipatory bail to the appellants on 9.4.2001 when the case was at initial stage. We find this statement is factually incorrect looking to the order of the learned additional sessions judges and the records of the case. The learned sessions judge had taken pains to notice the relevant facts and circumstances of the case and that the case was not at the initial stage. The High Court has simply stated that the order of the learned sessions judge is based on exercise of judicial discretion in erroneous manner without considering the material on the file. It is strange that the High Court has made such an observation without showing how the judicial discretion exercised by the learned additional sessions judge was erroneous. A considered order of the learned additional sessions judge supported by reasons in exercise of judicial discretion does not become erroneous by merely dubbing or calling it as such. In our view, in the light of what is stated above, both the orders of the learned additional sessions judges dated 9.4.2001 and 5.6.2001 after due consideration of the facts and circumstances of the case to the extent required for exercise of judicial discretion in the matter of granting bail are sustainable. The judicial discretion exercised in granting anticipatory bail, in our opinion, is neither perverse nor erroneous. On the other hand, they are based on relevant considerations supported by reasons. The High Court has observed “it is alleged in the present case that the appellant no.1 wielded great influence and had obtained bail by dubious means”. This observation is not based on any finding. When the learned additional sessions judges have passed the orders granting anticipatory bail exercising judicial discretion, there is no warrant to say that such an order of bail is obtained by dubious means. The High Court, except referring to two decisions as to the position of law, failed to notice the facts and relevant aspects of the case on hand to apply them.
17. This Court in Subhendu Mishra v. Subrat Kumar Mishra & Anr.1 following the principles stated in Dolat Ram & Ors. v. State of Haryana2, has reiterated that there is a distinction between rejection of bail in a non-bailable case at the initial stage and the cancellation of bail already granted. Normally, very cogent and overwhelming grounds or circumstances are required to cancel the bail already granted. In the present case, the High Court, it appears, did not bear this distinction in mind and cancelled the bail in a mechanical manner.
18. Thus, in our view, the High Court committed a manifest and serious error in passing the impugned orders setting aside the anticipatory bail granted to the appellants by the order dated 9.4.2001 as confirmed by the order dated 5.6.2001 of the learned additional sessions judge. The impugned orders of the High Court under the circumstances are unsustainable. It is needless to state that the observations made either by learned additional sessions judges or the High Court or this Court in dealing with the matter relating to grant of anticipatory bail do not impair or injure the prosecution case or prejudice the defence at the trial. Further, nothing said or observed by the High Court or this Court shall be taken as any expression of opinion on the merits of the case.
19. Hence, we set aside the impugned orders and restore the order dated 5.6.2001 passed by the learned additional sessions judge, Rewari. The appeals are allowed accordingly.
1. Leave granted.
2. Heard learned counsel for the parties at length.
3. We feel it necessary to state the facts leading to the filing of these appeals giving some details. There is a trust by name – Shri Baba Mast Nath Ayurvedic and Sanskrit Shikshan Sansthan. Mahant Sh. Shreyo Nath removed Karan Nath, Azad Nath and others from the committee of the trust and appointed the appellant no. 1 as his successor. Mahant Shreyo Nath expired on 7.1.1985. The appellant no. 1 became the mahant of the gaddi of Shri Baba Mast Nath Math at Asthal Bohar, Rohtak. The appellant no. 1 claims to have dedicated himself to the field of development of education, social reforms and all-round progress of various institutions run and established by the math; he is the founder and the chairperson of number of institutions including the dental college and hospital, engineering college, ayurvedic college, charitable eye hospital named after Baba Mast Nath; he has undertaken projects for setting up a blind school, orphanage, deaf and dumb school, Shree Mast Nath Medical College and Shree Baba Mast Nath Deemed University; and claims to serve the poor and downtrodden persons to uplift their educational status. It is also stated that the various institutions run by math do not receive any aid from the government or non-governmental organizations.
4. He contested election in the year 1999 to Haryana state assembly as an independent candidate against the wishes of Shri Om Prakash Chautala who wanted him to contest from his party. It is further, alleged that Shri Chautala demanded money and the appellant no. 1 invited his wrath by refusing to meet his demand. He states that Shri O.P. Kaushik, the vice-chancellor of M.D. University, Rohtak, also demanded huge sum of money from him who subsequently contested assembly election in the year 1999 on the party ticket of Shri Om Prakash Chautala. Shri Kaushik had passed orders cancelling admissions made to the institutions run by the appellant no. 1 which were subsequently set aside by the courts. He is falsely involved in the case in the background stated above with the change of government in the state.
5. A F.I.R. was registered with police station Bawal stating that on 24.1.1999 at about 5.00 p.m. complainant Randhir Singh, S/o Chhote Lal had gone to see Baba Azad Nath (deceased) in Shiv temple at village Assalwas. At about 6.15 p.m., Baba Azad Nath came out and was sitting with sewaks Tej Pal, son of Ami Lal, Jaina son of Prabhata and Ombir son of Ram Pal and others. At that time, one man aged 25/26 years wearing a pant and shirt and a black loi came there and wanted to smoke sulpha, on which baba replied that it could not be done but he could take meal. The young man refused to take meal. On asking, he said that he was Sangwan from Jind. Baba told him to go from front gate if he did not want to take meal. Thereafter, complainant and others started taking meal and baba had gone for urination. Within 4-5 minutes, there was a big noise of phatakas (fire works) and baba gave a call “bhajjio” (run). On hearing, the complainant and others left their meals and went towards back side and found that baba was lying with his mouth downward near a tree with bleeding from the right side of his chest. In the F.I.R., it is further stated that complainant and others had doubts that person by hiding in the cover of darkness had fired at baba and he died because of gun shots and that if the person comes before them, they could identify him.
6. It is the case of the appellant no. 1 that the police with mala fide and oblique motive and under the pressure of the present government of Haryana wanted to implicate him in F.I.R. no. 17/99 dated 24.1.1999 registered under sections 302/120-B IPC and section 25/54/59 of the Arms Act. A false case was tried to be made out against him to mar his reputation and create hurdles in the developmental activities. The police officials attempted to falsely involve him in the criminal case with the aid of one Kishan, son of Randhir Singh, resident of Mehandipur. The said Kishan is a hardened criminal and a life convict against whom several criminal cases pertaining to heinous offences are pending. It was alleged by the police that the said Kishan in custody made a disclosure statement implicating the appellants under section 120-B of the IPC. In that connection, the appellant no. 1 was rigorously interrogated on 24.6.1999 by various police officials including inspector, CID/Crime, Faridabad and found that the appellants were not involved and found them innocent after the investigation was verified by the superior officers. However, on finding that the disclosure statement of Kishan was wrong, on an application made for discharge, the CJM, Rewari passed the order of discharge on 3.11.1999 which reads as under:-
“An application for discharge of the accused has been filed which is allowed as the accused has been found innocent during the investigation of the case and, therefore, the accused is discharged. He be released forthwith if not required in the other case. File after needful be consigned to the record room.”
7. In February, 2001, the appellant no. 1 received threatening demand over phone to pay Rs. 10/- crores by March, 2001 failing which he would be kidnapped and murdered. On this, he filed a complaint and F.I.R. no. 42 dated 5.2.2001 was registered under section 387 IPC. He requested for adequate security. On police refusing to do so, he approached the district and sessions judge who directed the S.P., Rohtak to provide adequate security. Even then, no security was provided to him.
8. The police at the behest of senior politicians made yet another attempt to implicate him with the help of another hardened criminal Manjit Singh, son of Tek Ram and Ashok Kumar, resident of Delhi. Manjit Singh had remained in police and judicial custody in various criminal cases. No plausible explanation has been given by Manjit Singh as to why he did not disclose alleged involvement of appellants in the crime after the registration of aforesaid, F.I.R. no. 17 dated 24.1.1999 and till his arrest on 10.3.2001 in the present case.
9. Under these circumstances and due to continued illegal acts of the police, the appellants filed an application for bail under section 438 Cr.P.C. on 20.3.2001 in the sessions court. The learned additional sessions court, Rewari, after hearing both sides initially granted anticipatory bail on 9.4.2001 for six weeks, which was confirmed and bail was continued by the order dated 5.6.2001.
10. The state filed a criminal (misc.) application no. 27699-M of 2001 on 18.7.2001 under section 439(2) read with section 482 Cr.P.C. in the High Court for cancellation of anticipatory bail granted to the appellants. The appellant no. 1 sent letters dated 23.7.2001, 21.8.2001 and 15.9.2001 to In-charge, CIA staff police, Sonepat offering to join the investigation which letters were acknowledged. Although the appellants went to join investigation in response to the notice dated 19.9.2001 but nothing was done and they were sent back saying that they would be called on some other date. Suspecting some evil designs, the appellants made an application to the CJM, who after notice to the state fixed 27.10.2001 for joining investigation at CIA staff police, Sonepat. The appellants did appear for investigation on that date. They were interrogated upto 2.00 p.m. on 27.10.2001 and for two hours again on 28.10.2001. The investigating officer completed the investigation. The appellants filed a detailed reply to the petition filed by the state under section 439(2) read with section 482 Cr.P.C. placing on record all material documents of facts. The High Court after considering the matter on 21.12.2001 partially allowed the said criminal misc. application and set aside the order of the additional sessions judge dated 9.4.2001 but the High Court did not deal with the bail order dated 5.6.2001 inasmuch as the High Court did not consider the facts and subsequent circumstances, as taken into consideration by the learned additional sessions judge, while confirming bail. Thus the bail order dated 5.6.2001 remained undisturbed; despite the same, police tried to arrest the appellants; hence they filed criminal misc. application no. 52331-M/2001 under section 438 read with 482 Cr.P.C. restraining the respondents from arresting them. The High Court on 28.12.2001 issued notice on the application returnable by 8.3.2002 and directed the respondent not to arrest the appellants in the meanwhile. The respondent-state filed an application on 4.1.2002 under section 482 Cr.P.C. for clarification/modification of order dated 21.12.2001 to the effect that the order dated 5.6.2001 granting bail by the additional sessions judge is also set aside; Criminal misc. application no. 52331-M/2001 be heard along with the application filed for clarification; notice issued for 8.3.2002 by Hon’ble Mr. Justice R.L.Anand be preponed and for some other directions. The High Court by the order dated 22.2.2002 allowed the application filed for clarification holding that by oversight or omission, the order dated 9.4.2001 was mentioned instead of 5.6.2001 and that the real intention was to cancel the order dated 5.6.2001. By the same order dated 22.2.2002, the learned judge set aside the order dated 28.12.2001 passed by another learned Judge of the coordinate bench of the High Court in criminal misc. application no. 52331-M of 2001 observing that the learned judge ought not to have passed such an order and the said order in any case became infructuous. Hence these appeals.
11. The learned senior counsel for the appellants in support of these appeals strongly contended that the learned judge who passed the impugned orders seriously erred in allowing the application filed by the respondent for recalling the order dated 28.12.2001 passed by another learned judge of the co-ordinate bench; such an application was itself not maintainable in view of the decision of this Court in Harjit Singh v. State of Punjab1, the respondent was not entitled to the relief sought for in respect of the order dated 28.12.2001 passed in criminal misc. no. 27699-M of 2001 in view of the express and clear bar contained in section 362 Cr.P.C. in the matter of alteration/review of a judgment; the High Court also has failed to appreciate that there is a political rivalry and the police officials are acting at the behest of certain politicians and higher officials; the appellant no. 1 having dedicated himself to the service of the poor and has deep roots in the society with name and good reputation; from the facts narrated and the records, it is clear that the appellants were falsely implicated in the case to wreck personal vendetta; the High Court has also failed to see that the appellants were already rigorously interrogated by the police officials and it was found that they were not involved in the offence as alleged. According to learned senior counsel, the appellants did not misuse the anticipatory bail granted by the learned additional sessions judge; the application filed for cancellation of the orders dated 9.4.2001 and 5.6.2001 is primarily based on the contention that the appellants are not joining investigation and that they are tampering with the evidence but the High Court has failed to appreciate that the appellants after grant of anticipatory bail on 9.4.2001 joined investigation on more than one occasion and they were interrogated sufficiently and that even the case was committed for trial having completed the investigation; further a co-accused Ashok Kumar had been released on bail on 3.9.2001 during the pendency of criminal misc. petition before the High Court; he finally submitted that the police officials at the instance of politicians are bent upon to harass the appellants by getting them into police custody.
12. In opposition, the learned counsel for the state seriously contended that the appellant no. 1 is a very influential person and is not co-operating in investigation; in order to investigate, particularly as regards the offence under section 120-B IPC in the facts and circumstances of the case, the custodial interrogation of the appellants is very much required; he took pains to narrate the details about the prosecution case and the investigation done so far. He made submissions in support and justification of the impugned orders. He maintained that the accidental error could be corrected by the High Court on the application filed for clarification by the state; the powers of High Court to cancel the bail are wide enough to cover the cases like the one on hand particularly when the order of bail granted by the learned additional sessions judge was not based on proper judicial discretion. He urged that in the interest of justice, the impugned orders may be sustained. He reiterated the submissions that were made before the High Court.
13. We have carefully considered the contentions and submissions made on behalf of either side.
14. We consider it unnecessary to deal with the contentions whether an order of clarification or modification could be passed by the High Court as is done in the impugned order dated 22.2.2002 or whether the bar contained under section 362 Cr.P.C. applies to the present case or whether an order passed by one learned judge of coordinate bench of the High Court could be recalled by another learned judge. Keeping in view the facts and circumstances of the case, in the backdrop of facts narrated in sufficient details, we think it is just and appropriate to examine the main question and decide whether the anticipatory bail granted to the appellants could be sustained or not. The case against the appellants is for an offence under section 120-B IPC i.e. conspiracy for the murder of Baba Azad Nath and in furtherance of the same, co-accused Manjit Singh had murdered the said Baba Azad Nath on 24.1.1999 at about 6.15 p.m.; the learned sessions judge, Rewari, after elaborate and detailed consideration, keeping in view the rival contentions granted anticipatory bail for six weeks on 9.4.2001; as can be seen from this very order, everyone of the contentions raised by the learned public prosecutor are dealt with; it is noticed in the said order that the statements of the eye-witnesses named in the F.I.R. no. 17/99 of police station, Bawal had not been recorded till then regarding identity of Manjit Singh, accused as assailant, who is said to have committed the murder; the alleged disclosure statement of Kishan on the basis of which offence under section 120-B IPC was added later after about four and half months from the date of the murder against the appellants, was proved to be false and police even got the said Kishan discharged in terms of the order dated 8.11.1999. According to the respondent, previous investigating officer and supervisory officers acted mala fidely and illegally and this aspect was being investigated seriously and that it would take some time to collect evidence; the evidence collected in second phase of investigation is in the form of statements of three persons, namely, accused Manjit Singh, accused Ashok Kumar and Jai Parkash Dayiya; the statements of first two persons being co-accused, their disclosure statements without leading to any recovery may not turn out to be a lawful evidence; the statement of third person was prima facie tested in the light of the facts though witness Jai Parkash joined investigation some time in June, 1999; he made the statement for the first time on 13.3.2001, and his statement runs contrary to the certificate issued by the branch manager in regard to conversion of cash of Rs. 20,00,000/- from currency notes of Rs. 100/- to currency notes of Rs. 500/- which amount alleged to have been paid to the killer and if there was threat to witness Jai Parkash to the knowledge of the police, they could have taken steps; keeping in view the decisions cited at the bar and the totality of the circumstances, the learned additional sessions judge exercised judicial discretion in granting bail to the appellants on 9.4.2001.
15. Learned additional sessions judge, Rewari, by his order dated 5.6.2001 confirmed the aforesaid, order dated 9.4.2001, passed by his predecessor. In the order dated 5.6.2001, the learned additional sessions judge has again objectively considered the submissions made on either side in the light of the facts of the case. In the said order, it is observed that the concession of anticipatory bail granted to the appellants was not misused; undisputably, the appellant no. 1 had succeeded to the gaddi of the math on 21.5.1984 in the life time of Mahant Shreyo Nath; admittedly, there was no legal fight between the appellant no. 1 and Baba Azad Nath regarding succession to gaddi of the math; Baba Azad Nath was murdered on 24.1.1999 about 15 years after succession to the gaddi of the math; the allegation of tampering of evidence raised by the learned public prosecutor related to the period prior to the granting of anticipatory bail on 9.4.2001; the investigation against three co-accused namely, Manjit Singh, Rajesh and Ashok Kumar had almost been completed and challan was likely to be submitted. The learned additional sessions judge, in para 11 of the said order, has summed up thus:-
“11. Admittedly, the state had never approached the court for withdrawal of the anticipatory bail order dated 9.4.2001, alleging that the petitioners were not joining the investigation. In such circumstances, the contention raised by the learned counsel for the petitioners has some substance. Thus, in view of the fact that petitioner mahant Chand Nath Yogi had succeeded to the gaddi of the math as early as on 21.05.1984 in the life time of his Guru Sri Shreyo Nath without any protest from Baba Azad Nath; that no legal or otherwise battle ensued between the deceased and the petitioner regarding the succession of the gaddi to the math; that death of Baba Azad Nath was caused as late as on 24.01.1999; that in case, the petitioners had refused to join the investigation, the police had never approached the court for the cancellation of the bail order dated 9.4.2001 or for seeking fresh directions to the petitioners to join the investigation as and when required; that the investigation of the case, at least concerning other three co-accused, has already been completed; that the petitioners have been availing the benefit of anticipatory bail since 9.4.2001 and have not misused the concession of bail (except the allegation that they did not join the investigation, which has already been discussed above); and also taking into consideration the attending facts and circumstances of the entire case, without expressing my opinion on the merits of the case. I hereby find merit in the bail application and confirm the order dated 9.4.2001…”
16. After perusing the orders of the learned additional sessions judges dated 9.4.2001 and 5.6.2001 and records, we do not get any impression that the judicial discretion, in granting anticipatory bail was exercised either erroneously or on any irrelevant consideration. The serious contention advanced before us by the learned public prosecutor is that for further investigation of the case, custodial interrogation of the appellant is very much required. While stating the facts in the beginning, we have noticed that the appellants joined investigation whenever required and as a matter of fact they were interrogated on two occasions for sufficient time. The appellants were named as accused for committing offence under section 120-B IPC almost after a period of four and half months from the date of the murder, that too based on the disclosure statement of hardened criminal; the statement of Kishan on whose statement the appellants were involved in the offence was proved to be false and police got him discharged. The submission of the learned public prosecutor that earlier investigation made by the police officers and scrutinized by the superiors was faulty and mala fide, is not a ground to put against the appellants at this stage. The appellant no. 1 has also alleged that he is falsely involved in the case because of political rivalry and he was threatened for extracting money; in that regard he had also made complaint to the police seeking protection. Unfortunately, the High Court in the impugned order dated 21.12.2001, cancelling the anticipatory bail granted to the appellants and in the subsequent order dated 22.2.2002, did not consider the contentions raised on behalf of the parties objectively and in proper perspective and did not deal with the reasons recorded and consideration made by the learned additional sessions judges in the orders dated 9.4.2001 and 5.6.2001 granting anticipatory bail. The High Court has simply observed in the order dated 21.12.2001 that the learned additional sessions judge, Rewari, had not taken all facts into account and that he granted anticipatory bail to the appellants on 9.4.2001 when the case was at initial stage. We find this statement is factually incorrect looking to the order of the learned additional sessions judges and the records of the case. The learned sessions judge had taken pains to notice the relevant facts and circumstances of the case and that the case was not at the initial stage. The High Court has simply stated that the order of the learned sessions judge is based on exercise of judicial discretion in erroneous manner without considering the material on the file. It is strange that the High Court has made such an observation without showing how the judicial discretion exercised by the learned additional sessions judge was erroneous. A considered order of the learned additional sessions judge supported by reasons in exercise of judicial discretion does not become erroneous by merely dubbing or calling it as such. In our view, in the light of what is stated above, both the orders of the learned additional sessions judges dated 9.4.2001 and 5.6.2001 after due consideration of the facts and circumstances of the case to the extent required for exercise of judicial discretion in the matter of granting bail are sustainable. The judicial discretion exercised in granting anticipatory bail, in our opinion, is neither perverse nor erroneous. On the other hand, they are based on relevant considerations supported by reasons. The High Court has observed “it is alleged in the present case that the appellant no.1 wielded great influence and had obtained bail by dubious means”. This observation is not based on any finding. When the learned additional sessions judges have passed the orders granting anticipatory bail exercising judicial discretion, there is no warrant to say that such an order of bail is obtained by dubious means. The High Court, except referring to two decisions as to the position of law, failed to notice the facts and relevant aspects of the case on hand to apply them.
17. This Court in Subhendu Mishra v. Subrat Kumar Mishra & Anr.1 following the principles stated in Dolat Ram & Ors. v. State of Haryana2, has reiterated that there is a distinction between rejection of bail in a non-bailable case at the initial stage and the cancellation of bail already granted. Normally, very cogent and overwhelming grounds or circumstances are required to cancel the bail already granted. In the present case, the High Court, it appears, did not bear this distinction in mind and cancelled the bail in a mechanical manner.
18. Thus, in our view, the High Court committed a manifest and serious error in passing the impugned orders setting aside the anticipatory bail granted to the appellants by the order dated 9.4.2001 as confirmed by the order dated 5.6.2001 of the learned additional sessions judge. The impugned orders of the High Court under the circumstances are unsustainable. It is needless to state that the observations made either by learned additional sessions judges or the High Court or this Court in dealing with the matter relating to grant of anticipatory bail do not impair or injure the prosecution case or prejudice the defence at the trial. Further, nothing said or observed by the High Court or this Court shall be taken as any expression of opinion on the merits of the case.
19. Hence, we set aside the impugned orders and restore the order dated 5.6.2001 passed by the learned additional sessions judge, Rewari. The appeals are allowed accordingly.
