Swaroop Singh Vs. Director of Health Service and others
EmailAppeal:
Petitioner: Swaroop Singh
Respondent: Director of Health Service and others
Apeal:
Judges: G.N. RAY & G.B. PATTANAIK, JJ.
Date of Judgment: Oct 17, 1997
Head Note:
Section 17 (3) (a),(b),(c) – Scope – Applicability – Degrees of Ayurved Ratna and Vaid Visharad,conferred by Hindi Sahitya Samme-lan, Paryag – Recognised only up to 1967 and not thereafter – Medical practitioners,obtaining degrees after 1967 and practising before coming into force of the Act-Rights and privileges – Pro-tection- Exception if any- Held that it being not the case that petitioners had obtained degrees between 1957 to 1970 and got themselves registered or acquired right to be registered-Under the Act, they were not entitled to protection.
Held:
Sub-section (3) of Section 17 of the Indian Medicine Central Act, 1970, in our view, only envisages that where before the enactment of the said Indian Medicine Central Act.1970 on the basis of requisite qualification which was then recognised, a person got himself registered as medical practitioner in the disciplines contemplated under the said Act or in the absence of any requirement or registration such person had been practicing for five years or intended to be registered and was also entitled to be registered, the right of such person to practice in the concerned discipline including the privileges of a registered medical practitioner stood protected even though such practition-er did not possess requisite qualification under the said Act of 1970.(Para 6)
Delhi Pradesh Registered Medical Practitioners v. Delhi Admn. Director of Health Services and others (17-10-1997) JT 1998 (4) SC 395 (G.N. Ray & G.B. Pattanaik, JJ.)
Delhi Pradesh Registered Medical Practitioners v. Delhi Admn. Director of Health Services and others (17-10-1997) JT 1998 (4) SC 395 (G.N. Ray & G.B. Pattanaik, JJ.)
JUDGEMENT:
1. Leave granted in both the matters. Heard learned counsel for the parties.
2. The propriety and validity of the public notice issued by the Director of Health Services, Delhi Administration indicating that the Indian Medicine Central Council had recognised Ayurved Ratna and Vaid Visharad degrees awarded by the Hindi Sahitya Sammalan Paryag. Allahabad only up to 1967 and the certificate of Ayurved Ratna and Vaid Visharada given by the said organization after 1967 not being recognised under the said Act registration obtained by any person as a medical practitioner on the basis of such degrees therefore would not be recognised and any person having such qualification would not be entitled to practice in Delhi are impugned in these appeals. It was also indicated in the said public notice that no Indian University or Board conducts one year’s course for giving the bachelor’s degree in Ayurvedic Medicine or through correspondence course no M.D. Degree in Ayurved was conferred by any university or Board. The public at large was cautioned by the said public notice published in the newspaper about such position in law.
3. The Delhi Pradesh Registered Medical Practitioners’ Asso-ciation moved a writ petition before the Delhi High Court chal-lenging the validity of the said public notice issued by the Health Services, Delhi Administration. Similar writ petition was moved by Dr. Swarup Singh and others challenging the said public notice. Such writ petitions were dismissed by the Division Bench of the Delhi High Court by indicating that as in the Indian Medi-cine Central Council Act 1970 the said degree had not been recognised after 1967 and the writ petitioners before the High Court had obtained such degrees from the said Hindi Sahitya Sammalan Prayag long after the said Indian Medicine Central Council Act. 1970 was enforced they were not entitled to practice on the basis of the degrees obtained from the said Hindi Sahitya Sammalan Prayag. Therefore there was no occasion to interfere with the direction contained in the public notice and the writ petitions were accordingly dismissed.
4. Mr. S.K. Mehta the learned counsel appearing for the appell-ants in the appeal arising out of S.L.P.(C) No. 8103 of 1993 has submitted that the Hindi Sahitya Sammalan Prayag is an old and reputed institution and such institution had been giving the said degrees of Ayurvedic Ratna and Vaid Visharada from a long time and such degrees awarded by the said institution had been recognised in various States. Dr. Mehta has further submitted that about the qualifications of the Medical Practitioner in various disciplines, namely, Homeopathic, Unani, Ayurvedic etc. both the State Government and Central Government have competence to legislate because the subject is in the concurrent list. Various States have recognised the degrees awarded by the said Hindi Sahitya Sammalan and on the basis of such degrees, large number of practitioners in the discipline of Ayurvedic have been registered in various States including Delhi and have been suc-cessfully practicing in the discipline of Ayurved. The writ petitioners also got themselves registered in the State of Delhi and they had been practicing as Medical Practitioner in the discipline of Ayurved on the strength of such registration. Therefore their registrations could not be held as invalid or liable to be cancelled. In this connection. Mr. Mehta has submit-ted that even under the said Act of 1970 there was no bar for the writ petitioners or persons similarly circumstanced to get them-selves registered and practice in the discipline of Ayurved. He has drawn our attention to the provisions of Section 17(3)(a)(b) and (c) of the said Central Act 1970. It is appropriate to refer to the said provisions for appreciating true legal import of such provisions.
5. 17(3). Nothing contained in sub-section (2) shall affect –
(a) the right of a practitioner of Indian medicine enrolled on a State Register of Indian Medicine to practice Indian Medi-cine in any State merely on the ground that . On the commence-ment of this Act, he does not possess a recognised medical qualification:
(b) the privileges (including the right to practice any system of medicine) conferred by or under any law relating to registration of practitioner of Indian medicine for the time being in force in any State on a practitioner of Indian Medi- cine enrolled on a State Register of Indian Medicine:
(c) the right of a person to practice Indian Medicine in a State in which, on the commencement of this Act, a State reg-ister of Indian Medicine is no maintained if, on even com-mencement he has been practicing Indian Medicine for not less than five years.
It has been contended by Mr. Mehta that although a bar has been imposed under Section 17(2) to practice in India in the disci-pline of Ayurveda if the practitioner did not possess the qual-ifications enumerated in the schedules under the Indian Medicine Central Council Act. 1970 but sub-section (3) of Section 17 has carved out an exception to the provisions of Section 17(2) of the said Act. If a practitioner in the discipline of Ayurveda is enrolled and registered as a medical practitioner in any State in India, or such practitioner was already in the field practicing in Ayurveda or such person had a right to be enrolled then, such person was protected and his rights or privileges as a medical practitioner cannot be affected because according to Mr. Mehta Clause (b) of sub-section (3) of Section 17 protects the privi-leges including the right to practice any system of medicine conferred by or under any law relating to the registration of practitioners of Indian Medicine for the time being enforced if in any State a practitioner of Indian Medicine is enrolled on a State register (sic). Mr. Mehta has submitted that as the con-cerned practitioners have been registered as the practitioners in the discipline of Ayurveda, they have right to practice in such discipline as registered medical practitioners and privileges which a registered practitioner has have been protected by sub-section (3) of Section 17. Therefore, notwithstanding non recog-nition of the said degrees conferred by the said Prayag Hindi Sahitya Sammalan after 1967, the right to practice as registered medical practitioner and consequential privileges of a registered practitioner cannot be taken away. The public notice, therefore was misconceived and illegal and the Delhi High Court has failed to appreciate the true legal import of sub-section (3) of Section 17 of the said Act and has erroneously held that the writ peti-tioner are not entitled to practice in Delhi because of the bar imposed by the Indian Medicine Central Act. 1970 for not possess-ing the requisite qualification as enumerated in the said Act.
6. We are, however, unable to accept such contention of Mr. Mehta, sub-section (3) of Section 17 of the Indian Medicine Central Act, 1970, in our view, only envisages that where before the enactment of the said Indian Medicine Central Act.1970 on the basis of requisite qualification which was then recognised, a person got himself registered as medical practitioner in the disciplines contemplated under the said Act or in the absence of any requirement or registration such person had been practicing for five years or intended to be registered and was also entitled to be registered, the right of such person to practice in the concerned discipline including the privileges of a registered medical practitioner stood protected even though such practition-er did not possess requisite qualification under the said Act of 1970. It may be indicated that such view of ours is reflected from the objects and reasons indicated for introducing sub-section (3) of Section 17 in the Act. In the objects and reasons, it was mentioned :-
“the committee are of the opinion that the existing rights and privileges of practitioners of Indian medicine should be given adequate safeguards. The Committee in order to achieves the object, have added three new paragraphs to sub-section (3) of the Clause protecting (I) the rights to practice of those practition-ers of Indian medicine who may not, under the proposed legisla-tion, possess a recognised qualification subject to the condition that they are already enrolled on a State register of Indian medicine on the date of commencement of this Act, (ii) the privi-leges conferred on the practitioners of Indian Medicine enrolled on a State Register, under any law in force in that State, and (iii) the right to practice in a State of those practitioners who have been practicing Indian medicine in that State for not less than five years where no register of Indian medicine was main-tained earlier.”
As it is not the case of any of the writ petitioners that they had acquired the degree in between 1957 and 1970 or on the date of enforcement of provisions of Section 17(2) of the said Act and got themselves registered or acquired right to be registered, there is no question of getting the protection under sub-section (3) of Section 17 of the said Act. It is to be stated here that there is also no challenge as to the validity of the said Cen-tral Act, 1970. The decision of the Delhi High Court therefore cannot be assailed by the appellants. We may indicate here that it has been submitted by Mr. Mehta and also by Ms. Sona Khan appearing in the appeal arising out of special leave petition No. 6167 of 1993 that proper consideration had not been given to the standard of education imparted by the said Hindi Sahitya Sammalan Prayag and expertise acquired by the holders of the aforesaid degrees awarded by the said institution. In any event, when proper medical facilities have not been made available to a large number of poorer sections of the society, the ban imposed to the practitioners like the writ petitioners rendering useful service to the needy and poor people was wholly unjustified. It is not necessary for this Court to consider such submissions because the same remains in the realm of policy decision of other constitu-tional functionaries. We may also indicate here that what consti-tutes proper education and requisite expertise for a practitioner in Indian Medicine, must be left to the proper authority having requisite knowledge in the subject. As the decision of the Delhi High Court is justified on the face of legal position flowing from the said Central Act of 1970, we do not think that any interference by this Court is called for. These appeals therefore are dismissed without any order as to costs.
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2. The propriety and validity of the public notice issued by the Director of Health Services, Delhi Administration indicating that the Indian Medicine Central Council had recognised Ayurved Ratna and Vaid Visharad degrees awarded by the Hindi Sahitya Sammalan Paryag. Allahabad only up to 1967 and the certificate of Ayurved Ratna and Vaid Visharada given by the said organization after 1967 not being recognised under the said Act registration obtained by any person as a medical practitioner on the basis of such degrees therefore would not be recognised and any person having such qualification would not be entitled to practice in Delhi are impugned in these appeals. It was also indicated in the said public notice that no Indian University or Board conducts one year’s course for giving the bachelor’s degree in Ayurvedic Medicine or through correspondence course no M.D. Degree in Ayurved was conferred by any university or Board. The public at large was cautioned by the said public notice published in the newspaper about such position in law.
3. The Delhi Pradesh Registered Medical Practitioners’ Asso-ciation moved a writ petition before the Delhi High Court chal-lenging the validity of the said public notice issued by the Health Services, Delhi Administration. Similar writ petition was moved by Dr. Swarup Singh and others challenging the said public notice. Such writ petitions were dismissed by the Division Bench of the Delhi High Court by indicating that as in the Indian Medi-cine Central Council Act 1970 the said degree had not been recognised after 1967 and the writ petitioners before the High Court had obtained such degrees from the said Hindi Sahitya Sammalan Prayag long after the said Indian Medicine Central Council Act. 1970 was enforced they were not entitled to practice on the basis of the degrees obtained from the said Hindi Sahitya Sammalan Prayag. Therefore there was no occasion to interfere with the direction contained in the public notice and the writ petitions were accordingly dismissed.
4. Mr. S.K. Mehta the learned counsel appearing for the appell-ants in the appeal arising out of S.L.P.(C) No. 8103 of 1993 has submitted that the Hindi Sahitya Sammalan Prayag is an old and reputed institution and such institution had been giving the said degrees of Ayurvedic Ratna and Vaid Visharada from a long time and such degrees awarded by the said institution had been recognised in various States. Dr. Mehta has further submitted that about the qualifications of the Medical Practitioner in various disciplines, namely, Homeopathic, Unani, Ayurvedic etc. both the State Government and Central Government have competence to legislate because the subject is in the concurrent list. Various States have recognised the degrees awarded by the said Hindi Sahitya Sammalan and on the basis of such degrees, large number of practitioners in the discipline of Ayurvedic have been registered in various States including Delhi and have been suc-cessfully practicing in the discipline of Ayurved. The writ petitioners also got themselves registered in the State of Delhi and they had been practicing as Medical Practitioner in the discipline of Ayurved on the strength of such registration. Therefore their registrations could not be held as invalid or liable to be cancelled. In this connection. Mr. Mehta has submit-ted that even under the said Act of 1970 there was no bar for the writ petitioners or persons similarly circumstanced to get them-selves registered and practice in the discipline of Ayurved. He has drawn our attention to the provisions of Section 17(3)(a)(b) and (c) of the said Central Act 1970. It is appropriate to refer to the said provisions for appreciating true legal import of such provisions.
5. 17(3). Nothing contained in sub-section (2) shall affect –
(a) the right of a practitioner of Indian medicine enrolled on a State Register of Indian Medicine to practice Indian Medi-cine in any State merely on the ground that . On the commence-ment of this Act, he does not possess a recognised medical qualification:
(b) the privileges (including the right to practice any system of medicine) conferred by or under any law relating to registration of practitioner of Indian medicine for the time being in force in any State on a practitioner of Indian Medi- cine enrolled on a State Register of Indian Medicine:
(c) the right of a person to practice Indian Medicine in a State in which, on the commencement of this Act, a State reg-ister of Indian Medicine is no maintained if, on even com-mencement he has been practicing Indian Medicine for not less than five years.
It has been contended by Mr. Mehta that although a bar has been imposed under Section 17(2) to practice in India in the disci-pline of Ayurveda if the practitioner did not possess the qual-ifications enumerated in the schedules under the Indian Medicine Central Council Act. 1970 but sub-section (3) of Section 17 has carved out an exception to the provisions of Section 17(2) of the said Act. If a practitioner in the discipline of Ayurveda is enrolled and registered as a medical practitioner in any State in India, or such practitioner was already in the field practicing in Ayurveda or such person had a right to be enrolled then, such person was protected and his rights or privileges as a medical practitioner cannot be affected because according to Mr. Mehta Clause (b) of sub-section (3) of Section 17 protects the privi-leges including the right to practice any system of medicine conferred by or under any law relating to the registration of practitioners of Indian Medicine for the time being enforced if in any State a practitioner of Indian Medicine is enrolled on a State register (sic). Mr. Mehta has submitted that as the con-cerned practitioners have been registered as the practitioners in the discipline of Ayurveda, they have right to practice in such discipline as registered medical practitioners and privileges which a registered practitioner has have been protected by sub-section (3) of Section 17. Therefore, notwithstanding non recog-nition of the said degrees conferred by the said Prayag Hindi Sahitya Sammalan after 1967, the right to practice as registered medical practitioner and consequential privileges of a registered practitioner cannot be taken away. The public notice, therefore was misconceived and illegal and the Delhi High Court has failed to appreciate the true legal import of sub-section (3) of Section 17 of the said Act and has erroneously held that the writ peti-tioner are not entitled to practice in Delhi because of the bar imposed by the Indian Medicine Central Act. 1970 for not possess-ing the requisite qualification as enumerated in the said Act.
6. We are, however, unable to accept such contention of Mr. Mehta, sub-section (3) of Section 17 of the Indian Medicine Central Act, 1970, in our view, only envisages that where before the enactment of the said Indian Medicine Central Act.1970 on the basis of requisite qualification which was then recognised, a person got himself registered as medical practitioner in the disciplines contemplated under the said Act or in the absence of any requirement or registration such person had been practicing for five years or intended to be registered and was also entitled to be registered, the right of such person to practice in the concerned discipline including the privileges of a registered medical practitioner stood protected even though such practition-er did not possess requisite qualification under the said Act of 1970. It may be indicated that such view of ours is reflected from the objects and reasons indicated for introducing sub-section (3) of Section 17 in the Act. In the objects and reasons, it was mentioned :-
“the committee are of the opinion that the existing rights and privileges of practitioners of Indian medicine should be given adequate safeguards. The Committee in order to achieves the object, have added three new paragraphs to sub-section (3) of the Clause protecting (I) the rights to practice of those practition-ers of Indian medicine who may not, under the proposed legisla-tion, possess a recognised qualification subject to the condition that they are already enrolled on a State register of Indian medicine on the date of commencement of this Act, (ii) the privi-leges conferred on the practitioners of Indian Medicine enrolled on a State Register, under any law in force in that State, and (iii) the right to practice in a State of those practitioners who have been practicing Indian medicine in that State for not less than five years where no register of Indian medicine was main-tained earlier.”
As it is not the case of any of the writ petitioners that they had acquired the degree in between 1957 and 1970 or on the date of enforcement of provisions of Section 17(2) of the said Act and got themselves registered or acquired right to be registered, there is no question of getting the protection under sub-section (3) of Section 17 of the said Act. It is to be stated here that there is also no challenge as to the validity of the said Cen-tral Act, 1970. The decision of the Delhi High Court therefore cannot be assailed by the appellants. We may indicate here that it has been submitted by Mr. Mehta and also by Ms. Sona Khan appearing in the appeal arising out of special leave petition No. 6167 of 1993 that proper consideration had not been given to the standard of education imparted by the said Hindi Sahitya Sammalan Prayag and expertise acquired by the holders of the aforesaid degrees awarded by the said institution. In any event, when proper medical facilities have not been made available to a large number of poorer sections of the society, the ban imposed to the practitioners like the writ petitioners rendering useful service to the needy and poor people was wholly unjustified. It is not necessary for this Court to consider such submissions because the same remains in the realm of policy decision of other constitu-tional functionaries. We may also indicate here that what consti-tutes proper education and requisite expertise for a practitioner in Indian Medicine, must be left to the proper authority having requisite knowledge in the subject. As the decision of the Delhi High Court is justified on the face of legal position flowing from the said Central Act of 1970, we do not think that any interference by this Court is called for. These appeals therefore are dismissed without any order as to costs.
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