G.K. Mohan and Others Vs. Union of India and Others
EmailAppeal: Civil Appeal Nos. 5045-5100 of 2001
[From the Final Order dated 15.2.2001 of the High Court of Karnataka at Bangalore in W.P. Nos. 11728-55/2000, 11701-727/2000 and 10723/2000]
[From the Final Order dated 15.2.2001 of the High Court of Karnataka at Bangalore in W.P. Nos. 11728-55/2000, 11701-727/2000 and 10723/2000]
Petitioner: G.K. Mohan and Others
Respondent: Union of India and Others
Apeal: Civil Appeal Nos. 5045-5100 of 2001
[From the Final Order dated 15.2.2001 of the High Court of Karnataka at Bangalore in W.P. Nos. 11728-55/2000, 11701-727/2000 and 10723/2000]
[From the Final Order dated 15.2.2001 of the High Court of Karnataka at Bangalore in W.P. Nos. 11728-55/2000, 11701-727/2000 and 10723/2000]
Judges: A.K. Mathur & Markandey Katju, JJ.
Date of Judgment: Oct 12, 2007
Appearances:
Mr. G. Umapathy, Mr. A. Leo G. Rozario and Mr. Rakesh K. Sharma, Advocates for the Appellants.
Mr. Ashok Bhan, Mr. R.S. Rana, Mr. Aman Sinha, Mr. R.C. Kathia and Mr. B.V. Balaram Das, Advocates for the Respondents.
Mr. Ashok Bhan, Mr. R.S. Rana, Mr. Aman Sinha, Mr. R.C. Kathia and Mr. B.V. Balaram Das, Advocates for the Respondents.
Head Note:
Constitution
Constitution of India, 1950
Defence Research and Development Organization Technical Cadre Recruitment Rules, 1995, Rule 6 (4) (a) – Constitution of India, 1950, Articles 14, 16 – Validity – Rules requiring Chargemen, having requisite qualification of Technical Assistant ‘A’ to be placed in category II, Grade 2 and others to be placed in Grade 4 in category I – Petitioners not having such qualifications, alleging discrimination as prior to the coming into force of 1995 Rules all chargemen grade II were in the same category – If differentiation is discriminatory and arbitrary. Held that categorisation on the basis of educational qualification breeds no discrimination.
Constitution of India, 1950
Defence Research and Development Organization Technical Cadre Recruitment Rules, 1995, Rule 6 (4) (a) – Constitution of India, 1950, Articles 14, 16 – Validity – Rules requiring Chargemen, having requisite qualification of Technical Assistant ‘A’ to be placed in category II, Grade 2 and others to be placed in Grade 4 in category I – Petitioners not having such qualifications, alleging discrimination as prior to the coming into force of 1995 Rules all chargemen grade II were in the same category – If differentiation is discriminatory and arbitrary. Held that categorisation on the basis of educational qualification breeds no discrimination.
Held:
It is well settled by a series of decisions now that there can be categorization on the basis of educational qualifications. The erstwhile Chargemen grade II who had the qualifications mentioned in Schedule III have been placed in a higher category while those like the appellants who do not have the said qualifications have been placed in the lower category. In our opinion, there is no violation of Article 14 on such a categorization. (Para 8)
It is well settled that categorization can be done on the basis of educational qualifications and there will be no violation of Article 14 if this is done. (Para 9)
Draughtsman and Chargeman are two different classes, and hence there is no question of discrimination between them. (Para 11)
It is well settled that categorization can be done on the basis of educational qualifications and there will be no violation of Article 14 if this is done. (Para 9)
Draughtsman and Chargeman are two different classes, and hence there is no question of discrimination between them. (Para 11)
JUDGEMENT:
MARKANDEY KATJU, J.
1. These appeals have been filed against the final judgment and orders of the Karnataka High Court dated 15.2.2001 in W.P. Nos. 11728-755/2000, CW W.P. Nos. 11701-11727/2000 and W.P. No. 10723/2000.
2. Heard learned counsel for the parties and perused the record.
3. The appellants before us filed O.A. Nos. 1040/1998, 1055-1081/1998 etc. before the Central Administrative Tribunal, Bangalore Bench seeking a direction to quash Rule 6(4)(a) of the Defence Research and Development Organization, Technical Cadre Recruitment Rules, 1995 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Rules’) as being violative of Article 14 and 16 of the Constitution, and for a direction to place the applicants/appellants in grade II of category II with effect from 26.8.1995 with all consequential benefits.
4. The applicants (appellants before us) were Chargemen grade II in the service of the Union of India, Ministry of Defence. The Union of India introduced the aforesaid Rule on 26.8.1995. We are, however, only concerned with Rule 6(4)(a) which states as under:
‘(4) (a). All persons holding the posts of Chief Glass Blower, Artist-cum-Photographer, Commercial Artist, Junior Scientific Assistant Grade I, Chargeman Grade II and Draughtsman Grade II shall be placed in grade 2 of category II provided that they possess the qualifications prescribed for recruitment to the grade of Technical Assistant ‘A’ as laid down in Schedule III failing which they shall be placed in grade 4 of category I.
NOTE: For this purpose, the existing incumbents of the posts of Draughtsman Grade II, possessing a certificate or a diploma in Draughtsmanship of a minimum duration of one year shall be deemed to possess the required qualifications.’
5. A perusal of Rule 6(4)(a) shows that those Chargemen who possess the qualifications prescribed in Schedule III shall be placed in grade 2 of category II while those who do not possess the same will be placed in grade 4 of category I.
6. Admittedly, the applicants/petitioners did not possess the qualifications in Schedule III to the Rules and hence they were placed in grade IV of category I. Their grievance is that they have been discriminated against because before coming into force of the Rules in 1995 all Chargemen grade II were in the same category, while now under Rule 6(4)(a) the erstwhile Chargemen grade II have been divided into two categories, namely, those who possess the qualifications in schedule III and those who do not.
7. Learned counsel for the appellants submitted that this is violative of Article 14 of the Constitution because chances of promotion of the appellants have been adversely affected.
8. We regret we cannot agree. It is well settled by a series of decisions now that there can be categorization on the basis of educational qualifications. The erstwhile Chargemen grade II who had the qualifications mentioned in Schedule III have been placed in a higher category while those like the appellants who do not have the said qualifications have been placed in the lower category. In our opinion, there is no violation of Article 14 on such a categorization.
9. It is well settled that categorization can be done on the basis of educational qualifications and there will be no violation of Article 14 if this is done.
10. Learned counsel for the appellants then submitted that the Draughtsmen grade II have been placed better off by the Note to Rule 6(4)(a) vis-a-vis the erstwhile Chargemen grade II who did not have the qualifications in Schedule III.
11. In our opinion, this submission too has no merit. It is well settled that Article 14 applies within the same class. Draughtsman and Chargeman are two different classes, and hence there is no question of discrimination between them.
12. For the reasons aforementioned, there is no merit in these appeals. The appeals are accordingly dismissed. No order as to costs.
1. These appeals have been filed against the final judgment and orders of the Karnataka High Court dated 15.2.2001 in W.P. Nos. 11728-755/2000, CW W.P. Nos. 11701-11727/2000 and W.P. No. 10723/2000.
2. Heard learned counsel for the parties and perused the record.
3. The appellants before us filed O.A. Nos. 1040/1998, 1055-1081/1998 etc. before the Central Administrative Tribunal, Bangalore Bench seeking a direction to quash Rule 6(4)(a) of the Defence Research and Development Organization, Technical Cadre Recruitment Rules, 1995 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Rules’) as being violative of Article 14 and 16 of the Constitution, and for a direction to place the applicants/appellants in grade II of category II with effect from 26.8.1995 with all consequential benefits.
4. The applicants (appellants before us) were Chargemen grade II in the service of the Union of India, Ministry of Defence. The Union of India introduced the aforesaid Rule on 26.8.1995. We are, however, only concerned with Rule 6(4)(a) which states as under:
‘(4) (a). All persons holding the posts of Chief Glass Blower, Artist-cum-Photographer, Commercial Artist, Junior Scientific Assistant Grade I, Chargeman Grade II and Draughtsman Grade II shall be placed in grade 2 of category II provided that they possess the qualifications prescribed for recruitment to the grade of Technical Assistant ‘A’ as laid down in Schedule III failing which they shall be placed in grade 4 of category I.
NOTE: For this purpose, the existing incumbents of the posts of Draughtsman Grade II, possessing a certificate or a diploma in Draughtsmanship of a minimum duration of one year shall be deemed to possess the required qualifications.’
5. A perusal of Rule 6(4)(a) shows that those Chargemen who possess the qualifications prescribed in Schedule III shall be placed in grade 2 of category II while those who do not possess the same will be placed in grade 4 of category I.
6. Admittedly, the applicants/petitioners did not possess the qualifications in Schedule III to the Rules and hence they were placed in grade IV of category I. Their grievance is that they have been discriminated against because before coming into force of the Rules in 1995 all Chargemen grade II were in the same category, while now under Rule 6(4)(a) the erstwhile Chargemen grade II have been divided into two categories, namely, those who possess the qualifications in schedule III and those who do not.
7. Learned counsel for the appellants submitted that this is violative of Article 14 of the Constitution because chances of promotion of the appellants have been adversely affected.
8. We regret we cannot agree. It is well settled by a series of decisions now that there can be categorization on the basis of educational qualifications. The erstwhile Chargemen grade II who had the qualifications mentioned in Schedule III have been placed in a higher category while those like the appellants who do not have the said qualifications have been placed in the lower category. In our opinion, there is no violation of Article 14 on such a categorization.
9. It is well settled that categorization can be done on the basis of educational qualifications and there will be no violation of Article 14 if this is done.
10. Learned counsel for the appellants then submitted that the Draughtsmen grade II have been placed better off by the Note to Rule 6(4)(a) vis-a-vis the erstwhile Chargemen grade II who did not have the qualifications in Schedule III.
11. In our opinion, this submission too has no merit. It is well settled that Article 14 applies within the same class. Draughtsman and Chargeman are two different classes, and hence there is no question of discrimination between them.
12. For the reasons aforementioned, there is no merit in these appeals. The appeals are accordingly dismissed. No order as to costs.
