D. Ramakrishnan Vs. Intelligence Officer Narcotic Control Bureau
EmailAppeal: Criminal Appeal No. 1324 of 2009
[Arising out of SLP (Criminal) No. 2312 of 2009]
[From the Judgement and Order dated 12.02.2009 of the High Court of Judicature at Madras in Criminal Original Petition No. 28454 of 2008 in CC No. 100 of 2008]
[Arising out of SLP (Criminal) No. 2312 of 2009]
[From the Judgement and Order dated 12.02.2009 of the High Court of Judicature at Madras in Criminal Original Petition No. 28454 of 2008 in CC No. 100 of 2008]
Petitioner: D. Ramakrishnan
Respondent: Intelligence Officer Narcotic Control Bureau
Apeal: Criminal Appeal No. 1324 of 2009
[Arising out of SLP (Criminal) No. 2312 of 2009]
[From the Judgement and Order dated 12.02.2009 of the High Court of Judicature at Madras in Criminal Original Petition No. 28454 of 2008 in CC No. 100 of 2008]
[Arising out of SLP (Criminal) No. 2312 of 2009]
[From the Judgement and Order dated 12.02.2009 of the High Court of Judicature at Madras in Criminal Original Petition No. 28454 of 2008 in CC No. 100 of 2008]
Judges: S.B. Sinha & Deepak Verma, JJ.
Date of Judgment: Jul 27, 2009
Appearances:
Appearances
Mr. K.T.S. Tulsi, Senior Advocate, Mr. Vikas Pahwa and Mr. Rishi Malhotra, Advocates with him for the Appellants.
Mr. Mohan Jain, ASG, Mr. P.K. Dey, Mr. Shreekant N. Terdal, Advocates with him for the Respondents.
Mr. K.T.S. Tulsi, Senior Advocate, Mr. Vikas Pahwa and Mr. Rishi Malhotra, Advocates with him for the Appellants.
Mr. Mohan Jain, ASG, Mr. P.K. Dey, Mr. Shreekant N. Terdal, Advocates with him for the Respondents.
Head Note:
CRIMINAL LAWS
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985
Sections 8, 22, 23, 25, 27A, 53, 53A, 58 Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945, Rules 58, 53, 64 Schedule G & H Prosecution under One ‘S’ used to procure different drugs indicated by accused ‘D’ Those drugs packed separately and dispatched to the customer abroad Drugs so procured or exported mentioned at SL. nos. 30, 56, 64 of the schedule to the Act of 1985 If the offence if any committed by ‘D’ and ‘S’ are under the Act, 1940 and not under the Act, 1985. Held that prosecution of the accused persons under the Act, 1985 is justified as provisions of the Act, 1985 are in addition to and not in derogation of the Act of 1940. Rajesh Kumar Gupta’s case held not applicable. Appeal dismissed.
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985
Sections 8, 22, 23, 25, 27A, 53, 53A, 58 Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945, Rules 58, 53, 64 Schedule G & H Prosecution under One ‘S’ used to procure different drugs indicated by accused ‘D’ Those drugs packed separately and dispatched to the customer abroad Drugs so procured or exported mentioned at SL. nos. 30, 56, 64 of the schedule to the Act of 1985 If the offence if any committed by ‘D’ and ‘S’ are under the Act, 1940 and not under the Act, 1985. Held that prosecution of the accused persons under the Act, 1985 is justified as provisions of the Act, 1985 are in addition to and not in derogation of the Act of 1940. Rajesh Kumar Gupta’s case held not applicable. Appeal dismissed.
Held:
The drugs mentioned in the First Information Report (‘FIR’) find place at Serial Nos. 30, 56 and 64 of the Schedule appended to the Act. Chapter III of the Act provides for prohibition of certain operations. Clause (c) thereof mandates that no person shall produce, manufacture, possess, sell, purchase, transport, warehouse, use, consume, import inter-state, export inter-state, import into India, export from India or transship any narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, except for medical or scientific purposes and in the manner and to the extent provided by the provisions of this Act or the rules or orders made thereunder and in a case where any such provision, imposes any requirement by way of licence, permit or authorization also in accordance with the terms and conditions of such licence, permit or authorization. (Para 7)
Rule 53 provides for general prohibition. Rule 58 provides that subject to rules 3 and 53A, no narcotic drugs, or psychotropic substances specified in the Schedule of the Act, shall be exported out of India without an export authorization in respect of the consignment issued by the issuing authority in Form No.5 appended to these therein. Rule 59 provides for issue of export authorization. Rule 63 provides for prohibition of import and export of consignments through a post office box, (Para 8)
Section 80 of the Act provides that the provisions of the Act or the rules made thereunder are in addition to, and not in derogation of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 or the rules made thereunder. (Para 11)
Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 does not deal with exports. The provisions of Customs Act do. The licensees, therefore, were, thus, required to comply with the specific requirements of the Act and the Rules. It is not denied or disputed that the appellant neither applied for nor granted any authority to export by the Narcotic Commissioner or any other Officer who is authorized in this behalf. (Para 11.1.)
The High Court is right in opining that the decision of this Court in Rajesh Kumar Gupta (supra) is not applicable to the facts of this case. (Para 12)
Cases Reffered:
1. State of Uttaranchal v. Rajesh Kumar Gupta [JT 2006 (10) SC 8] (Para 3.1.)
JUDGEMENT:
S.B. SINHA, J.
1. Leave granted.
2. One Seethapathy (Accused No.1), since absconding, President of M/s Chandra Importers Inc., New York (for the sake of brevity, hereinafter referred to as, ‘the Company’), was indulging in illegal internet pharmacy business. It has a branch at Coimbatore. Appellant herein (Accused No.2) was managing the activities of the said branch. A search was made in the office of the accused and various documents and computers were seized. It is alleged that the appellant used to mail consolidated requirements by means of packing slips in the name of individual customers to the e-mail I.D. of the first accused. The first accused used to procure different drugs indicated by the appellant by the local pharmacy and pack separately as per packing slips and dispatch the same to the customers abroad through airmail and RMS post office at Coimbatore. The drugs procured and exported are Alprazolam, Lorazepam, Nitrazepam, etc. Indisputably, these drugs find place at Serial Nos. 30, 56 and 64 respectively of the Schedule appended to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (for short, ‘the Act’)
3. Inter alia, on the premise that for export of the said drugs no permission from the Competent Authority was obtained, the appellant and his co-accused was prosecuted under Section 8(c) read with Section 22, 23, 25, 27A, 53, 53A and 58 of the Act.
3.1. Primarily, relying on or on the basis of a decision of this Court in State of Uttaranchal v. Rajesh Kumar Gupta [JT 2006 (10) SC 8 : 2007 (1) SCC 355], it was urged that the appellant and his co-accused might have committed an offence under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 but not under the Act or the Rules framed thereunder. The learned Special Judge as also the High court, however, disagreeing with the said contention of the appellant herein rejected his application for bail.
4. Mr. K.T.S. Tulsi, learned Senior Counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant would contend that the High Court committed a serious error in passing the impugned order insofar as it failed to take into consideration that all drugs being Schedule `G’ and `H’ drugs under the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945, export thereof would not attract the provisions of Rule 58 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Rules, 1985 (for short, ‘the Rules’) framed by the Central Government in exercise of the powers conferred upon it by Section 9 read with Section 76 of the Act. Mr. Tulsi furthermore contended that use of the drugs for medicinal purposes is acknowledged in terms of the proviso appended to Section 8(c) of the Act. In any event, he would content, Rules 53 and 64 of the Rules being genus, Rule 58 would be subject to Rule 53.
5. Mr. Mohan Jain, learned Additional Solicitor General appearing on behalf of the respondent, on the other hand, would contend that in terms of Rules 58 and 59 of the Rules, no export of any drug is permissible unless a permit is obtained for export thereof from the Competent Authority. It was urged that the minimum sentence for the offences committed for which the appellant has been charged being 10 years, this Court should not enlarge the appellant on bail.
6. The drugs in question are no doubt mentioned in Schedule `G’ and `H’ of the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules.
7. Section 2(xxiii) of the Act defines ‘psychotropic substance’ to mean, any substance, natural or synthetic, or any natural material or any salt or preparation of such substance or material included in the list of psychotropic substances specified in the Schedule. The drugs mentioned in the First Information Report (‘FIR’) find place at Serial Nos. 30, 56 and 64 of the Schedule appended to the Act. Chapter III of the Act provides for prohibition of certain operations. Clause (c) thereof mandates that no person shall produce, manufacture, possess, sell, purchase, transport, warehouse, use, consume, import inter-state, export inter-state, import into India, export from India or transship any narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, except for medical or scientific purposes and in the manner and to the extent provided by the provisions of this Act or the rules or orders made thereunder and in a case where any such provision, imposes any requirement by way of licence, permit or authorization also in accordance with the terms and conditions of such licence, permit or authorization.
8. Chapter VI of the Rules deals with import, export and transshipment of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Rule 53 provides for general prohibition. Rule 58 provides that subject to rules 3 and 53A, no narcotic drugs, or psychotropic substances specified in the Schedule of the Act, shall be exported out of India without an export authorization in respect of the consignment issued by the issuing authority in Form No.5 appended to these therein. Rule 59 provides for issue of export authorization. Rule 63 provides for prohibition of import and export of consignments through a post office box,
9. In Rajesh Kumar Gupta (supra), this Court opined:
’19. It has not been brought to our notice that the 1985 Act provides for the manner and extent of possession of the contraband. The rules framed under Section 9 of the 1985 Act read with Section 76 thereof, however, provide for both the manner and the extent, inter alia, of production, manufacture, possession, sale, purchase, transport, etc. of the contraband. Chapter VI of the 1985 Rules provides for import, export and trans- shipment of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Rule 53 contains general prohibition in terms whereof the import and export out of India of the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances specified in Schedule I appended thereto is prohibited. Such prohibition, however, is subject to the other provisions of the said Chapter. Rule 63 to which our attention has been drawn specifically prohibits import and export of consignments through a post office box but keeping in view the general prohibition contained in Rule 53 the same must be held to apply only to those drugs and psychotropic substances which are mentioned in Schedule I of the Rules and not under the 1985 Act. Similarly, Chapter VII provides for psychotropic substances. Rule 64 provides for general prohibition. Rules 53 and 64, thus, contain a genus and other provisions following the same under the said Chapter are species thereof. This we say in view of the fact that whereas Rule 64 provides for general prohibition in respect of sale, purchase, consumption or use of the psychotropic substances specified in Schedule I, Rule 65 prohibits manufacture of psychotropic substances, whereas Rule 66 prohibits possession, etc. of psychotropic substances and Rule 67 prohibits transport thereof. Rule 67-A provides for special provisions for medical and scientific purposes.
20. The general prohibitions contained in both Rules 53 and 64, therefore, refer only to the drugs and psychotropic substances specified in Schedule I. It is neither in doubt nor in dispute that whereas the Schedule appended to the 1985 Act contains the names of a large number of psychotropic substances, Schedule I of the Rules prescribes only 35 drugs and psychotropic substances.’
10. Appellant and his co-accused are said to have got licenses under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940. They had got general permission for import and export.
11. Section 80 of the Act provides that the provisions of the Act or the rules made thereunder are in addition to, and not in derogation of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 or the rules made thereunder.
11.1. Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 does not deal with exports. The provisions of Customs Act do. The licensees, therefore, were, thus, required to comply with the specific requirements of the Act and the Rules. It is not denied or disputed that the appellant neither applied for nor granted any authority to export by the Narcotic Commissioner or any other Officer who is authorized in this behalf.
12. We, therefore, are of the opinion that the High Court is right in opining that the decision of this Court in Rajesh Kumar Gupta (supra) is not applicable to the facts of this case.
13. For the reasons aforementioned, there is no merit in the appeal. The appeal is dismissed accordingly. No costs.
14. However, the trial court may consider the desirability of concluding of the trial as early as possible. The observations made herein are only for the purpose of determining as to whether a prima facie case is made out against the appellant and the same may not be construed to be a finding on the guilt of the appellant or otherwise. The learned Special Judge shall determine the case pending before it in accordance with law and on its own merits.
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1. Leave granted.
2. One Seethapathy (Accused No.1), since absconding, President of M/s Chandra Importers Inc., New York (for the sake of brevity, hereinafter referred to as, ‘the Company’), was indulging in illegal internet pharmacy business. It has a branch at Coimbatore. Appellant herein (Accused No.2) was managing the activities of the said branch. A search was made in the office of the accused and various documents and computers were seized. It is alleged that the appellant used to mail consolidated requirements by means of packing slips in the name of individual customers to the e-mail I.D. of the first accused. The first accused used to procure different drugs indicated by the appellant by the local pharmacy and pack separately as per packing slips and dispatch the same to the customers abroad through airmail and RMS post office at Coimbatore. The drugs procured and exported are Alprazolam, Lorazepam, Nitrazepam, etc. Indisputably, these drugs find place at Serial Nos. 30, 56 and 64 respectively of the Schedule appended to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (for short, ‘the Act’)
3. Inter alia, on the premise that for export of the said drugs no permission from the Competent Authority was obtained, the appellant and his co-accused was prosecuted under Section 8(c) read with Section 22, 23, 25, 27A, 53, 53A and 58 of the Act.
3.1. Primarily, relying on or on the basis of a decision of this Court in State of Uttaranchal v. Rajesh Kumar Gupta [JT 2006 (10) SC 8 : 2007 (1) SCC 355], it was urged that the appellant and his co-accused might have committed an offence under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 but not under the Act or the Rules framed thereunder. The learned Special Judge as also the High court, however, disagreeing with the said contention of the appellant herein rejected his application for bail.
4. Mr. K.T.S. Tulsi, learned Senior Counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant would contend that the High Court committed a serious error in passing the impugned order insofar as it failed to take into consideration that all drugs being Schedule `G’ and `H’ drugs under the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945, export thereof would not attract the provisions of Rule 58 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Rules, 1985 (for short, ‘the Rules’) framed by the Central Government in exercise of the powers conferred upon it by Section 9 read with Section 76 of the Act. Mr. Tulsi furthermore contended that use of the drugs for medicinal purposes is acknowledged in terms of the proviso appended to Section 8(c) of the Act. In any event, he would content, Rules 53 and 64 of the Rules being genus, Rule 58 would be subject to Rule 53.
5. Mr. Mohan Jain, learned Additional Solicitor General appearing on behalf of the respondent, on the other hand, would contend that in terms of Rules 58 and 59 of the Rules, no export of any drug is permissible unless a permit is obtained for export thereof from the Competent Authority. It was urged that the minimum sentence for the offences committed for which the appellant has been charged being 10 years, this Court should not enlarge the appellant on bail.
6. The drugs in question are no doubt mentioned in Schedule `G’ and `H’ of the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules.
7. Section 2(xxiii) of the Act defines ‘psychotropic substance’ to mean, any substance, natural or synthetic, or any natural material or any salt or preparation of such substance or material included in the list of psychotropic substances specified in the Schedule. The drugs mentioned in the First Information Report (‘FIR’) find place at Serial Nos. 30, 56 and 64 of the Schedule appended to the Act. Chapter III of the Act provides for prohibition of certain operations. Clause (c) thereof mandates that no person shall produce, manufacture, possess, sell, purchase, transport, warehouse, use, consume, import inter-state, export inter-state, import into India, export from India or transship any narcotic drug or psychotropic substance, except for medical or scientific purposes and in the manner and to the extent provided by the provisions of this Act or the rules or orders made thereunder and in a case where any such provision, imposes any requirement by way of licence, permit or authorization also in accordance with the terms and conditions of such licence, permit or authorization.
8. Chapter VI of the Rules deals with import, export and transshipment of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Rule 53 provides for general prohibition. Rule 58 provides that subject to rules 3 and 53A, no narcotic drugs, or psychotropic substances specified in the Schedule of the Act, shall be exported out of India without an export authorization in respect of the consignment issued by the issuing authority in Form No.5 appended to these therein. Rule 59 provides for issue of export authorization. Rule 63 provides for prohibition of import and export of consignments through a post office box,
9. In Rajesh Kumar Gupta (supra), this Court opined:
’19. It has not been brought to our notice that the 1985 Act provides for the manner and extent of possession of the contraband. The rules framed under Section 9 of the 1985 Act read with Section 76 thereof, however, provide for both the manner and the extent, inter alia, of production, manufacture, possession, sale, purchase, transport, etc. of the contraband. Chapter VI of the 1985 Rules provides for import, export and trans- shipment of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Rule 53 contains general prohibition in terms whereof the import and export out of India of the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances specified in Schedule I appended thereto is prohibited. Such prohibition, however, is subject to the other provisions of the said Chapter. Rule 63 to which our attention has been drawn specifically prohibits import and export of consignments through a post office box but keeping in view the general prohibition contained in Rule 53 the same must be held to apply only to those drugs and psychotropic substances which are mentioned in Schedule I of the Rules and not under the 1985 Act. Similarly, Chapter VII provides for psychotropic substances. Rule 64 provides for general prohibition. Rules 53 and 64, thus, contain a genus and other provisions following the same under the said Chapter are species thereof. This we say in view of the fact that whereas Rule 64 provides for general prohibition in respect of sale, purchase, consumption or use of the psychotropic substances specified in Schedule I, Rule 65 prohibits manufacture of psychotropic substances, whereas Rule 66 prohibits possession, etc. of psychotropic substances and Rule 67 prohibits transport thereof. Rule 67-A provides for special provisions for medical and scientific purposes.
20. The general prohibitions contained in both Rules 53 and 64, therefore, refer only to the drugs and psychotropic substances specified in Schedule I. It is neither in doubt nor in dispute that whereas the Schedule appended to the 1985 Act contains the names of a large number of psychotropic substances, Schedule I of the Rules prescribes only 35 drugs and psychotropic substances.’
10. Appellant and his co-accused are said to have got licenses under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940. They had got general permission for import and export.
11. Section 80 of the Act provides that the provisions of the Act or the rules made thereunder are in addition to, and not in derogation of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 or the rules made thereunder.
11.1. Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 does not deal with exports. The provisions of Customs Act do. The licensees, therefore, were, thus, required to comply with the specific requirements of the Act and the Rules. It is not denied or disputed that the appellant neither applied for nor granted any authority to export by the Narcotic Commissioner or any other Officer who is authorized in this behalf.
12. We, therefore, are of the opinion that the High Court is right in opining that the decision of this Court in Rajesh Kumar Gupta (supra) is not applicable to the facts of this case.
13. For the reasons aforementioned, there is no merit in the appeal. The appeal is dismissed accordingly. No costs.
14. However, the trial court may consider the desirability of concluding of the trial as early as possible. The observations made herein are only for the purpose of determining as to whether a prima facie case is made out against the appellant and the same may not be construed to be a finding on the guilt of the appellant or otherwise. The learned Special Judge shall determine the case pending before it in accordance with law and on its own merits.
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